{"id":699,"date":"2019-11-06T09:42:15","date_gmt":"2019-11-06T09:42:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/piping-design-specification\/"},"modified":"2026-09-09T19:02:33","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T11:02:33","slug":"piping-design-specification","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/piping-design-specification\/","title":{"rendered":"Piping Design Specification"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"699\" class=\"elementor elementor-699\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0f6fd9c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0f6fd9c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column 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hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/industrial-third-party-inspection-services\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Industrial Third Party Inspection Services: Comprehensive Surveillance &amp; Quality Verification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-970\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/inspection-and-test-plan\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Inspection and Test Plan<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-832\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a 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\"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Inspection Scope<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-876\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/piping-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Piping Inspection<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-836\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/piping-and-equipment-cleaning-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Piping and Equipment Cleaning Specification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-846\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a 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class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pump-guides-and-reviews\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pump Guides and Reviews<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-827\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pump-impeller-dynamic-balancing\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pump Impeller Dynamic Balancing<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-826\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pump-mechanical-run-test\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pump Mechanical Run Test<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-825\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pump-net-positive-suction-head-test-npsh-test\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pump Net Positive 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hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/quality-control-manual-for-contractors\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Quality Control Manual for Contractors<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-951\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/quality-control-forms\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Quality Control Forms<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-938\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/vessel-pressure-testing\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Vessel Pressure Testing: Design, Fabrication &amp; Inspection Guide<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul 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hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pressure-vessel-dimension-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pressure Vessel Dimension Inspection: Design, Fabrication &amp; Inspection Guide<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-909\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pressure-vessel-heads\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pressure Vessel Heads: Design, Fabrication &amp; Inspection Guide<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-930\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pressure-vessel-inspections\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pressure Vessel Inspections: Design, Fabrication &amp; Inspection Guide<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-928\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a 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href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/surface-profile-acceptance-criteria-replica-tape-inspection-report-template\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Surface Profile Acceptance Criteria &amp; Replica Tape Inspection Report Template<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-1524\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-inspection-comprehensive-surveillance-quality-verification\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Third Party Inspection: Comprehensive Surveillance &amp; Quality Verification<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-967\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-independent-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Independent Inspection: Comprehensive Surveillance &amp; Quality Verification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-960\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-inspection-expediting\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Inspection Expediting: Comprehensive Surveillance &amp; Quality Verification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-834\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-inspection-for-centrifugal-compressor-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Inspection for Centrifugal Compressor \u2013 Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-866\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-inspection-for-fire-tube-boiler-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Inspection for Fire Tube Boiler \u2013 Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-823\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-inspection-for-centrifugal-pump-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Inspection for Centrifugal Pump \u2013 Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-879\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-inspection-for-fin-tube-heat-exchanger\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Inspection For Fin Tube Heat Exchanger: Comprehensive Surveillance &amp; Quality Verification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-959\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-inspection-for-material-stamp\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Inspection For Material Stamp: Comprehensive Surveillance &amp; Quality Verification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-929\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-inspection-for-pressure-vessel-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Inspection For Pressure Vessel Procedure: Comprehensive Surveillance &amp; Quality Verification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-874\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-inspection-for-storage-tank\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Inspection For Storage Tank: Comprehensive Surveillance &amp; Quality Verification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-869\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-inspection-for-water-tube-boiler-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Inspection for Water Tube Boiler \u2013 Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-961\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-quality-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Quality Inspection: Comprehensive Surveillance &amp; Quality Verification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-968\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/3rd-party-shop-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">3rd Party Shop Inspection: Comprehensive Surveillance &amp; Quality Verification<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-1529\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/welding-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Welding Inspection: Engineering Principles &amp; AWS\/ASME Requirements<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-843\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/cold-thermal-insulation-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Cold Thermal Insulation Specification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-844\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/hot-thermal-insulation-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Hot Thermal Insulation Specification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-868\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/welding-inspection-procedure-checklist\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Welding Inspection Procedure Checklist: Engineering Principles &amp; AWS\/ASME Requirements<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-859\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-annealing-heat-treatment\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What Is The Annealing Heat Treatment: Engineering Principles &amp; AWS\/ASME Requirements<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-849\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-arithmetic-average-roughness-height\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What Is The Arithmetic Average Roughness Height: Surface Preparation &amp; Coating Inspection Guide<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-925\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-destructive-testing\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What Is The Destructive Testing: Engineering Principles &amp; AWS\/ASME Requirements<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-922\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-essential-variable-in-welding-procedure-specification-wps\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What Is The Essential Variable In Welding Procedure Specification WPS: Engineering Principles &amp; AWS\/ASME Requirements<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-924\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-ferrous-materials\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What Is The Ferrous Materials: Engineering Principles &amp; AWS\/ASME Requirements<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-915\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-group-number-in-welding\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What Is The Group Number In Welding: Engineering Principles &amp; AWS\/ASME Requirements<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-1'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-908\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-a-number-in-welding-procedure-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What Is The A Number In Welding Procedure Specification: Engineering Principles &amp; AWS\/ASME Requirements<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-916\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-f-number-in-welding-procedure-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What Is The F Number In Welding Procedure Specification: Engineering Principles &amp; AWS\/ASME Requirements<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-918\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/p-number-in-welding\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">P Number In Welding: Engineering Principles &amp; AWS\/ASME Requirements<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-857\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-metal-cold-working\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What Is Metal Cold Working: Engineering Principles &amp; AWS\/ASME Requirements<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-852\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-metal-hot-working\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What Is The Metal Hot Working: Engineering Principles &amp; AWS\/ASME Requirements<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-926\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-material-test-report-mtr-mill-test-report\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Material Test Report (MTR)\/ Mill Test Report?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-886\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-nonconformity-report-ncr\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Nonconformity Report (NCR)?<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-1'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-904\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/dye-penetrant-inspection-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Dye Penetrant Inspection Procedure<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-2'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-898\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/dry-film-thickness-based-on-sspc-pa-2\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Dry Film Thickness Based On SSPC Pa 2: Surface Preparation &amp; Coating Inspection Guide<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-903\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/magnetic-particle-inspection-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Magnetic Particle Inspection Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-872\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/positive-material-identification-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Positive Material Identification Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-905\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/radiographic-testing-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Radiographic Testing Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-902\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/ultrasonic-testing-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Ultrasonic Testing Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-906\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-nondestructive-testing-map\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What Is The Nondestructive Testing Map: Engineering Principles &amp; AWS\/ASME Requirements<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-920\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-nonessential-variable-in-welding-procedure-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What Is The Nonessential Variable In Welding Procedure Specification: Engineering Principles &amp; AWS\/ASME Requirements<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-851\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-non-ferrous-materials\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What Is The Non Ferrous Materials: Engineering Principles &amp; AWS\/ASME Requirements<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-850\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-normalizing-heat-treatment\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What Is The Normalizing Heat Treatment: Engineering Principles &amp; AWS\/ASME Requirements<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-884\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-plate-lamination-defect\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What Is The Plate Lamination Defect: Engineering Principles &amp; AWS\/ASME Requirements<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-858\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-stainless-steel-cladding\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What Is The Stainless Steel Cladding: Engineering Principles &amp; AWS\/ASME Requirements<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-919\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-supplementary-essential-variable-in-welding-procedure-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What Is The Supplementary Essential Variable In Welding Procedure Specification: Engineering Principles &amp; AWS\/ASME Requirements<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-856\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-weld-destructive-testing\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What Is The Weld Destructive Testing: Engineering Principles &amp; AWS\/ASME Requirements<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-907\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-welding-map\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What Is The Welding Map: Engineering Principles &amp; AWS\/ASME Requirements<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-917\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-welding-performance-qualification-wpq\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What Is The Welding Performance Qualification WPQ: Engineering Principles &amp; AWS\/ASME Requirements<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-921\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-welding-procedure-qualification-record-pqr\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What Is The Welding Procedure Qualification Record PQR: Engineering Principles &amp; AWS\/ASME Requirements<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-923\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-welding-procedure-specification-wps\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What Is The Welding Procedure Specification WPS: Engineering Principles &amp; AWS\/ASME Requirements<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-1535\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/other\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Other<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-875\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/above-ground-storage-tank-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Above Ground Storage Tank Inspection<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-835\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/api-source-inspector-exam-preparatory-training-course\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">API Source Inspector Exam Preparatory Training Course<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-934\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/bs-std-packing-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">BS STD Packing Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-870\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/boiler-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Boiler Inspection<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-895\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/chloride-testing-bresle-bresle-patch-method\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Chloride Testing Bresle Bresle Patch Method: Surface Preparation &amp; Coating Inspection Guide<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-897\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/coating-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Coating Inspection: Surface Preparation &amp; Coating Inspection Guide<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-935\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/construction-contractor-quality-control-plan\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Construction Contractor Quality Control Plan<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-932\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/container-shipping-seals\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Container Shipping Seals<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-952\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/corrective-action-plan-template\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Corrective Action Plan Template<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-948\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/establishment-inspection-report\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Establishment Inspection Report<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-864\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/factory-acceptance-test-fat-test\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Factory Acceptance Test FAT Test<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-878\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/fin-tube-heat-exchanger-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Fin Tube Heat Exchanger Inspection<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-946\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/finished-goods-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Finished Goods Inspection: Comprehensive Surveillance &amp; Quality Verification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-881\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/heat-exchanger-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Heat Exchanger Inspection<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-860\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/material-inspection-receiving-report\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Material Inspection Receiving Report<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-899\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/paint-inspection-and-test-plan\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Paint Inspection And Test Plan: Surface Preparation &amp; Coating Inspection Guide<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-1'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n\t<ul 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href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/vendor-quality-control-manual\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Vendor Quality Control Manual<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul> \n\t\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c99e7b3 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"c99e7b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c549d15 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c549d15\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fcf723 elementor-widget elementor-widget-page-title\" data-id=\"9fcf723\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"page-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"hfe-page-title hfe-page-title-wrapper elementor-widget-heading\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPiping Design Specification  \n\t\t\t<\/h1 > \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93f5cf8 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"93f5cf8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-294b4fd6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"294b4fd6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7239e458\" data-id=\"7239e458\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50afb4ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"50afb4ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This article provides you with a example piping design specification that is used in the industrial plant engineering and construction work.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1. GENERAL<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.1. SCOPE<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.1.1. This specification covers general and detailed design and layout requirements for all process and utility piping systems and supplements the requirements of the codes under which the piping systems are to be designed, for industrial plant engineering and construction work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No variation from this engineering specification is permitted unless approved in writing by owner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.1.2. All process and utility piping shall be designed based on the requirements of this specification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the case of a part of this specification is not applicable due to specific requirements of Client, local code, etc., supplementary paragraphs may be added to the end of specification, after OWNER\u2019s approval.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.1.3. This specification shall be applied to all piping systems indicated on piping &amp; instrument flow diagram (P&amp;ID) and plot plan, except for following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">a) H.V.A.C Design &amp; Plumbing piping systems<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">b) Piping line running after first block valve (or fitting) of piping system connected to instrumentation, except for control valves, safety valves and orifice flanges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">c) Accessory piping of vendor supplied equipment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">d) Piping line running after first block valve of piping system connected to steam tracing, tracers and instrument air consumers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.1.4. Requirement of supporting shall be considered in accordance with \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.wordpress.com\/piping-hanging-and-support-engineering-specification\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Engineering Specification for Piping Hanging &amp; Support<\/a>\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.1.5. Requirement of stress analysis shall be considered in accordance with \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.wordpress.com\/piping-stress-analysis-engineering-specification\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Engineering Specification for Piping Stress Analysis<\/a>\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.1.6. Requirement of piping material and material design shall be considered in accordance with \u201cEngineering Specification for Piping Material\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.1.7. Requirement of steam tracing (winterizing \/ heat conservation) shall be considered in accordance with \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.wordpress.com\/steam-tracing-specification\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Engineering Specification for Steam Tracing<\/a>\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.1.8. Requirement of piping marking and coding shall be considered in accordance with \u201cEngineering Specification for Marking &amp; Coding\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.1.9. Requirement of thermal insulation for hot lines shall be considered in accordance with \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.wordpress.com\/hot-thermal-insulation-specification\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Engineering Specification for Thermal insulation (Hot)<\/a>\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.1.10.Requirement of thermal insulation for cold lines shall be considered in accordance with \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.wordpress.com\/cold-thermal-insulation-specification\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Engineering Specification for Thermal insulation (Cold)<\/a>\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.2. REFERENCES &#8211; PIPING DESIGN SPECIFICATION<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The following Codes, Standards and Engineering Specifications are referenced documents to this specification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In case of conflict between referenced documents and this engineering specification, the most severe requirement shall govern, subject to OWNER\u2019s approval.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Where this engineering specification is in contradiction with Piping and Instrument Diagram (P&amp;ID) and Utility Flow Diagram (UFD), the OWNER\u2019s approval for any decision is necessary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.2.1. CODES AND STANDARDS &#8211; PIPING DESIGN SPECIFICATION&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Design specification and inspection of piping shall be in accordance with the following Codes and Standards.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>ASME B31.1 Power Piping<\/li><li>ASME B31.3 Process Piping<\/li><li>ASME B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings NPS 1\/2&#8243; through NPS 24&#8243;<\/li><li>ASME B16.47 Large Diameter Steel Flanges NPS 26&#8243; through NPS 60&#8243;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For piping material codes, referred to \u201cEngineering Specification for Piping Material\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.2.2. RELEVANT ENGINEERING SPECIFICATIONS<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The relevant engineering specifications are as follow and all specification shall be of the latest revision.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.wordpress.com\/piping-stress-analysis-engineering-specification\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Engineering Specification for Piping Stress analysis<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.wordpress.com\/piping-hanging-and-support-engineering-specification\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Engineering Specification for Piping Hanging &amp; Support<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.wordpress.com\/paint-inspection-services-specification\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Engineering Specification for Painting<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.wordpress.com\/steam-tracing-specification\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Engineering Specification for Steam Tracing<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.wordpress.com\/hot-thermal-insulation-specification\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Engineering Specification for Thermal Insulation (Hot)<\/a><\/li><li>Engineering Specification for Marking &amp; Coding<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.wordpress.com\/cold-thermal-insulation-specification\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Engineering Specification for Thermal Insulation (Cold)<\/a><\/li><li>Engineering Specification for Piping Material<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.3. UNITS<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unless otherwise specified, Metric Units (Kg, mm, Kg.m, Kg\/cm2) shall be applied as the measurement system for drawings and documents to be submitted. &nbsp;However, nominal sizes of piping components shall be in accordance with Inch system (NPS).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2. DRAWING &#8211; PIPING DESIGN SPECIFICATION<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2.1. PIPING ARRANGEMENT DRAWINGS<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2.1.1. Piping arrangement drawings shall generally be drawn to a scale of 1\/33-1\/3 for process areas (1\/50 may be used for pipe rack area) and 1\/100 and 1\/200 for offsite areas. &nbsp;For clarification purposes offsite drawings may be drawn to a scale of 1\/50.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2.1.2. The drawings shall show, but not be limited to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">a) Equipment structures, platforms, ladders, stairs, foundations, ducts, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">b) A key plan should appear above the title block to identify the location of the drawing relative to remaining part of the plot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2.2. ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS &#8211; PIPING DESIGN&nbsp;SPECIFICATION&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2.2.1. Fully dimensioned Isometric drawing with bills of material shall be prepared for 2&#8243; &amp; larger piping for Carbon Steel and 1-1\/2&#8243; &amp; larger piping for Stainless Steel lines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2.2.2. Informational Iso-sketch with approximated &nbsp;information, will be prepared for Carbon Steel piping below 2\u201dand Stainless Steel piping below 1-1\/2\u201d.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2.2.3. In addition to the physical routing of the line\/lines the following information shall be included in the Isometric drawings:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">a) Material class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">b) Paint and Insulation specification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">c) Line designation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">d) Hydrostatic test pressure and media.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">e) Process design &amp; operating conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2.2.4. Unless otherwise specified, centerline of pipe elevation shall be applied for pipe elevation in the Isometric drawings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2.3. STEAM\/ELECTRICAL TRACING DRAWING &#8211;&nbsp;PIPING DESIGN&nbsp;SPECIFICATION&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2.3.1. Location of steam and condensate manifolds shall be shown on a reproducible copy of the plot plan or piping arrangements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2.3.2. Tracer routing shall be shown on the reproducible copy of the piping arrangement drawing, together with the block valve numbers of the tracer feed and return.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2.4. PIPING SUPPORT DRAWINGS &#8211;&nbsp;PIPING DESIGN&nbsp;SPECIFICATION&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2.4.1. Following drawings shall be prepared for pipe supports:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">a) Standard Pipe Support Drawings<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">b) Special Pipe Support Drawings<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2.4.2. Location of all supports together with support designation and number shall be indicated on Piping Arrangement Drawings for pipe rack, pipe way and offsite areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2.4.3. Location together with support designation and number of all supports shall be indicated on Isometric drawings for areas other than clause 2.4.2 above.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No support indication is to be shown on piping arrangement drawing for such areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3. DESIGN CONDITION AND CRITERIA &#8211;&nbsp;PIPING DESIGN&nbsp;SPECIFICATION&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.1. GENERAL<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.1.1. Piping shall be designed to maintain its lifetime during whole span of life of the plant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.1.2. Design pressures and temperatures, allowable stresses, joint efficiencies and other design conditions shall be used as a basis for wall thickness calculation and the material selection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.2. PRESSURE TEMPERATURE RATINGS &#8211;&nbsp;PIPING DESIGN&nbsp;SPECIFICATION&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.2.1. Pressure Temperature Ratings have been established for certain piping components.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.2.2. Flange Ratings shall be determined, based on ASME B16.5 or ASME B16.47-B.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.3. CLASS BREAKING OF PRESSURE TEMPERATURE RATING<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Where a line with a lower rating connected to a pipe or equipment with a higher rating, such line shall be rated at the higher rating (and shall be the same material as the line of the higher rating) to and including the first block valve or, when double block valves are used, to and including the second block valve. Block valves on both sides of a control valve and the by pass valve shall be rated at the same specification of the line with the higher rating. The class breaking shall be indicated in the P&amp;IDs and piping Isometric drawings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.4. ALLOWABLE STRESS &#8211;&nbsp;PIPING DESIGN&nbsp;SPECIFICATION&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.4.1. Allowable stresses which specified in ASME B31.1-1998 edition or ASME B31.3-1999 edition (which ever is applicable), shall be used in design calculations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4. PIPING DESIGN &nbsp; GENERAL &#8211;&nbsp;PIPING DESIGN&nbsp;SPECIFICATION&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.1. GENERAL<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.1.1. Piping shall be designed for the most severe coincidental conditions of pressure and temperature, arrived on the basis of the following considerations:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1) &nbsp;Design pressure and temperature of the equipment to which is connected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2) &nbsp;Set pressure of the safety valve, which protects the system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.1.2. All pipelines shall be routed in shortest possible run with minimum number of fittings consistence with provision for expansion and flexibility. The assembly, removal and support of piping and equipment shall also be taken into consideration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.1.3. All pipelines shall be routed for the convenience of installation, operation, and maintenance of the pipeline, equipment and instruments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.1.4. All lines inside battery limits, except drain lines, sewer lines and other special use lines shall be run side by side on overhead pipe supports or on sleepers. The use of pipe trenches within units shall be avoided as much as possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.1.5. Buried piping shall be kept at a sufficient distance from electrical cables for power and lighting, and from instrument signal cables. They shall also be run in concrete trenches only under the pipe rack. Above ground lines which have to buried partially (passing roads, etc.) shall be run in pipe sleeves, tunnels, culverts or bridges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.1.6. Unless otherwise specified, bottom of pipe (BOP) elevation shall be applied for pipe elevation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.1.7. Bottoms of hot and cold insulated lines, which are run on overhead supports, shall generally be supported with steel shoes and cradles respectively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.1.8. Un-insulated lines shall not be supported on steel shoes and cradles, and shall generally be carried at a common elevation of bottom of piping. &nbsp;Insulated lines shall be carried at a common elevation of bottom of shoes and cradles. The lines, which are run on overhead supports, shall generally be changed in its elevation when there is a change in direction. Intersecting main pipe runs, shall be routed at different levels to facilitate changing direction and\/or crossing of lines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.1.9. Large piping (18&#8243; and larger) of thin wall shall be supported by adequate methods, to reduce local stresses at the supporting point.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.1.10. Lines carrying molten solids or service fluids of high viscosity, or those lines so indicated on the applicable P&amp;IDs, shall be designed to have a continuous slope and drain into a vessel. The shortest and most direct layout possible shall be provided for lines in which gravity flow is required, especially, when the line fluid is subject to solidification or when the available differential pressure is small.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.1.11. Concrete trenches must be adequately drained into a liquid sealed drainage system and must be covered with grating, except near plant access or at road crossing, etc., where the type of covering shall be as per Civil Engineering details.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.1.12. Minimum elevation for top of foundation shall be as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><th>Item<\/th><th>Min. Elevation (mm)<\/th><\/tr><tr><td>Column<\/td><td>300 * or as required<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Drum vertical<\/td><td>300 * or as required<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Drum horizontal<\/td><td>300 * or as required<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>S\/T heat exchanger<\/td><td>300 * or as required<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pump<\/td><td>300 * or as required<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Compressor<\/td><td>300 * or as required<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tank<\/td><td>300 * or as required<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Flare stack<\/td><td>300 * or as required<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fired heater<\/td><td>300 * or as required<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Packaged equipment<\/td><td>300 * or as required<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pipe sleeper<\/td><td>250 * or as required<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pipe support on independent foundation<\/td><td>150 *<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pipe support on paving<\/td><td>100 *<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Steel pipe rack &amp; structure<\/td><td>300 * or as required<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pump station top of dike<\/td><td>300 * or as required<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ladder and stairway<\/td><td>200 * or as required<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notes : * &nbsp; Elevations are measured from H.P.P.EL (high point paving elevation EL.= 0 for each terrace)&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.1.13. In general, all major process lines should be carried on overhead pipe ways or sleeper pipe ways.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">All lines in process type areas shall preferably run, side by side on over head pipe rack to common supporting elevations for bottom of pipe. Hot lines on pipe rack shall be grouped and expansion loops shall be nested together, the number of expansion loops shall be kept to a minimum. Lines, handling corrosive fluids shall be run under piping handling non-corrosive fluids, and shall not, where possible, be run overhead across walkways or normal passages for personnel. Piping shall run on sleepers in tank areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.1.14. Overhead pipe ways and sleeper pipe ways shall have one 10% spare space for each layer at middle as one continuous space and also future load shall be considered on 10% spare space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Consideration shall be given to space allocated for instrument and electrical cable trays in the pipe racks and sleepers.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.1.15. All branched piping from utility header (steam, steam cond., water, air, nitrogen, fuel gas, fuel oil and etc.) shall be taken from the top of the header to prevent plugging however, water branch piping of 2\u201d and larger may be taken from the bottom of the header.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.1.16. All valve pit shall be equipped with non-slip metal plate cover.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.1.17. Line blinds 10\u201d and larger shall be provided with jack scews.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.1.18. Access platform with ladder or stairs shall be considered in piping design specification for access to equipment, valves, instruments and etc., for operation and maintenance in accordance with section 8 of this specification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.1.19. Vent and drain hookup, sample points with or without sample cooler and pressure instrument points, etc., shall be designed in accordance with the relevant piping standards.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.1.20. Pockets shall be avoided in lines, particularly those carrying corrosive chemicals, slurries, drains and Blow-down, those which may congeal or freeze, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.1.21. Material of construction of each piping system with specific operating condition, shall Conform to the service classifications and pipe classes in accordance to \u201cEngineering Specification for Piping Material\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.1.22. Cold pulling of pipes for alignment during construction or other purposes is not permitted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.1.23. When reducers are used, the maximum reduction shall not be greater than 2 nominal line sizes per reducers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.1.24. Change in line sizes, shall be made by Eccentric or Concentric reducers and swages. Bushing and reducing elbows, are not permitted except for instrument piping and sewers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.1.25. Unions shall only be used, when permitted by the particular piping classes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.1.26. Supports and\/or anchors shall be provided close to changes indirection of lines, branch lines and, close to valves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.1.27. In general piping shall be designed for zero expansion at the battery limits.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.1.28. In general, all piping leaving the plant battery limits shall be designed for a closed valve at the battery limit when defined in P&amp;IDs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.1.29. When discharging to a closed collector system, the discharge line shall be sloped downwards to the header and the header connection shall be made on the topside of the header line, so that the flow direction angle between the axes of the outlet line and the header is 45\u00b0.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When a collector system includes a knockout drum and flare, the headers shall be slopped to the knockout drum with a falling gradient of minimum 2\/1000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.1.30. Where a common header used to vent lighter than air gases to atmosphere, the header shall slope upwards to the relieving stack or pipe. Discharge lines carrying air and steam slop upwards and discharge in upward direction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.2. CLEARANCES &#8211;&nbsp;PIPING DESIGN&nbsp;SPECIFICATION&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.2.1. Overhead Clearances<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The minimum pass way overhead clearances, shall generally be as follows;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A). Inside Battery Limit of Plant &#8211; Piping Design Specification<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">a) Below structure or platforms &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..\u2026\u2026.\u2026&#8230;\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 2500 mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">b) Inside buildings &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..\u2026\u2026.. 2500 mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">c) Main plant road &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..\u2026\u2026.. 7000 mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">d) Secondary roads and truck area &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.\u2026 5000 mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">e) Mobile lifting equipment access areas &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..\u2026.. 3500 mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">f) Headroom below piping and structures&#8230;\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 2200 mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B). Outside Battery Limit of Plant &#8211; Piping Design Specification<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">a) Railroads and main roads &#8230;&#8230;\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026. 7000 mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">b) Secondary roads &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;\u2026\u2026\u2026 5000 mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.2.2. Horizontal Clearances &#8211; Piping Design Specification<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The minimum pass way horizontal clearances, shall generally be as follows;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">a) Between exchangers (aisles between piping and exchanger)\u2026\u2026\u2026. 900 mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">b) Around pumps (aisles between piping) \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.\u2026\u2026 900 mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">c) Fired heaters to pumps handling in flammable stock \u2026\u2026&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 15000 mm or as required<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">d) Fired heaters to other equipment containing inflammable<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Stock, not closely associated with heaters \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..1500 mm or as required<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">e) At driver and of pumps, where truck access is required.\u2026&#8230; 3000 mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">f) At driver end of pumps, where truck access not required \u2026\u20261800 mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">g) At shell cover end of exchangers at ground, for access way ..1300 mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">h) Furnace to day tanks or towers \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026&#8230;&#8230;\u2026 As required<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">i) Between shells of adjacent horizontal vessels\u2026\u2026\u2026&#8230;&#8230;\u2026\u2026. 1200 mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">j) From edge of equipment to wall\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.\u2026. 750 mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">k) Electrical motors from wall \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;\u2026 750mm or as vendor Recommend<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">l) Equipment part removal &nbsp;\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.. &nbsp;As vendor recommend<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.2.3. Clearances to the Bottoms of Pipe (BOP) &#8211; Piping Design Specification<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The minimum clearances below the bottoms of pipe (BOP) other than pass ways shall be as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">a) At grade.\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026. 250 mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">b) Buildings floor \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 100 ~ 300 mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">c) At platforms \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 250 mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">d) Sleeper way \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 300 mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">e) Over exchangers at shell cover, channel end\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026&#8230;. 1500 mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">f) Over pumps \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 3500 mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">g) Pit floor\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.\u2026\u2026\u2026.. 100 ~ 300 mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.2.4. Equipment Spacing &#8211; Piping Design Specification<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The minimum spacing between equipment shall generally be as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">a) Small pumps (3.75 KW and less)\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 Mounted on common<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">foundations suitable center to center distance<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">b) Medium and large pumps (more than 3.75 KW) \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 900 mm clear aisle<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">c) Other equipment on structures \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026&#8230;. 900 mm clear aisle<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">d) Clearance in front of channel or&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bonnet flange of horizontal exchanger\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026&#8230;&#8230;.. 1200 mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">e) Heat exchanger tube bundle removal space\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.. Tube bundle length&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">plus 1000 mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">f) Minimum clearance of exchanger shell flanges\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026&#8230;. 450 mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Note: these requirements are not applied to the inside of packaged equipment assembled on the skid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.2.5. Platforms &#8211; Piping Design Specification<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The minimum platforms clearance and width shall generally be as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">a) Towers, vertical and horizontal vessels distance of&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Platform below centerline of manhole\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 &nbsp; &nbsp;900 &#8211; 1050 mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">b) Width of manhole platform from manhole cover&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">to edge of platform \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026. 900 mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">c) Platform extension beyond centerline of manhole<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">side platform \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026. 900 mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">d) Distance of platform below under-side of flanged head\u2026.\u2026 \u2026. 175 mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">e) Width of platform on the sides of manhole head platform \u2026\u2026.. 750 mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">f) Width of access platforms (generally) \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026&#8230; 750 mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">g) Over head clearance between equipment platforms structures &nbsp;2200 mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.2.6. Other Clearances &#8211; Piping Design Specification<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(1) The minimum clearances around control panels shall generally be as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">a) Control panels, front \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2000 mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">b) Control panels, rear \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;1500 mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(2) The minimum operating aisles shall be as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">a) At grade \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 750 mm&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">b) On structures \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;750 mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">c) On vessels \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..\u2026\u2026\u2026 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 750 mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">d) Communicating \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..\u2026\u2026 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 600 mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(3) The minimum clearance between the lowest points of all flanges or insulation of lines running in trenches shall be 75 mm above the floor of the trench.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(4) The minimum free distance above a control valve and minimum clearance under the control &nbsp; &nbsp; valve, shall be in accordance to ISA PR4.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(5) Impact wrench clearance shall be provided at any equipment flange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(6) Underground pipe risers shall be terminated 500 mm aboveground, unless otherwise specified.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.3.DISTANCE PIPE LINES &#8211;&nbsp;PIPING DESIGN&nbsp;SPECIFICATION&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.3.1. To permit ready access for the removal or maintenance of a pipeline, under operating conditions, a minimum side clearance of 25 mm shall be provided between parallel lines outside of insulation or between flange and pipe (insulation). Thermal expansion movements shall be taken into consideration in determining the minimum side clearances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.3.2. The minimum center to center distance between hand wheels of valves shall be determined take operability of the valve into consideration.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.3.3. To determine the distance between pipe and others such as wall of the trench, edge of pipe rack and etc., access for removal or maintenance for the pipe shall be considered.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.4. VALVE INSTALLATIONS &#8211;&nbsp;PIPING DESIGN&nbsp;SPECIFICATION&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.4.1. General<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(a) &nbsp;Valves shall preferably be installed so that the centerline of the hand wheel shall not be more &nbsp;than 1800mm above the pavement or platform levels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(b) &nbsp;In case of the centerline of the hand wheel is more than 1800mm above the pavement or platform levels, the valve accessibility shall be provided in accordance with section 8, of this specification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(c) &nbsp;Frequently operated valves, which can not be operate from grade or platform levels, shall be equipped with remote operation device such as chain wheel or extension stem to permit ease of operation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(d) &nbsp;For valves, which operated with remote operating chain device, Chains shall hang to within 900mm of the operating level and Spark proof chain shall be used.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(e) &nbsp;Valves in trenches, pit, etc., which can not be operate from a platform, shall be provided with a stem extension, if required.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(f) &nbsp;Valves requiring extension stem or chain operate device, shall be noted in piping drawings, such valves shall be specified on Isometric drawings for decision.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(g) Valves in piping arrangements shall be designed so that they do not obstruct walkways, platforms, pass ways, etc., and yet accessible for operation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(h) Valves at towers shall be located directly against or close to the tower nozzles unless physical interference would prevent proper operation of the valves. Valves shall preferably not be located inside vessel skirts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(i) &nbsp;All valve outlet ends, in process services, which do not connect to a piping system, shall be provided with a blind flange or a screwed cap\/plug assembly, unless otherwise indicated on the P&amp;IDs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(j) Manually operated valves, which are used in conjunction with locally mounted flow indicators, etc., shall be placed at the same operating level and located where the instrument can be readily observed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(k) Valves, whose type and number are shown on the applicable P&amp;IDs, shall be installed on the suitable places to permit proper and safe operation of the unit.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(l) &nbsp;Under any condition, Valves shall not be installed with their stems below horizontal.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(m) Hand wheels of valves shall never be made of a light alloy that could melt in case of fire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(n) Double block and bleed valve system shall be provided only where necessary to avoid product contamination or hazardous condition, as shown on the P&amp;IDs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(o) Valves in overhead pipe rack, shall be kept to minimum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(p) Check valves shall be suitable for installation in vertical lines with flow upward as well as for installation in horizontal lines. They shall be used in cases where reversal of flow may occur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(q) All ball and plug valves shall have the ball or plug stem and lever electro statically grounded to valve body.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(r) &nbsp;All gate and globe valves shall have back seat, except for 2\u201d and smaller, inside screw rising stem (ISRS) type valves such as bronze valves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(s) &nbsp;For check, globe and any directional valves, which are insulated or coated, the direction of flow through the valves shall be suitably marked on insulation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.4.2. Control valve system &#8211; Piping Design Specification<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">a) Control valve shall be installed over 600 mm from floor or platform.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">b) Control valve shall be designed to facilitate its operation and maintenance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">c) Drain shall be installed before or behind the control valve as shown on P&amp;IDs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">d) By pass valve and block valve shall be installed within 1800mm from floor or platform.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">e) In control valve manifold piping arrangement, reducers type shall be so selected to prevent non- drainable pocket.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">f) Control valves and safety relief valves and relevant isolating valve and bypass valve, if any, shall be located close to the platform, or on the grade for maintenance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.4.3. Safety relief valve &#8211; Piping Design Specification<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">a) Safety relief valves shall be provided to the extent shown on P&amp;IDs and UFDs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">b) Safety relief valves on process systems shall be connected to a flare or other disposal system only when indicated on P&amp;IDs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">c) Safety relief valves, which are not connected to flare or other disposal systems, shall have the pipe extending at least 3000 mm above any platform or working area within a 12M radius of the point of gas discharge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">d) Steam relief valves shall discharge to atmosphere through discharge piping extending at least &nbsp;3000 mm above any platform or working area within 8000 mm radius of the point of discharge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">e) A 10 mm minimum weep hole shall be provided at the low point of the discharge piping when discharging to atmosphere. &nbsp;Drain piping shall be provided in discharge piping when necessary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">f) Safety relief valves shall generally have a minimum length of piping between the protected line or equipment and the valve inlet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">g) Discharge lines from relief valves shall have a minimum use of elbows and shall be supported and braced to prevent movement of the line due to reaction forces of the discharge flow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">h) Safety and relief valves shall be installed with their springs in a vertical position. Any thermal relief valves shall also be installed only with their springs in a vertical position.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I) Relief valve inlet and discharge piping shall be designed to avoid moments and forces on the valve body.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">j) Outlet piping of safety and relief valves (including flare lines) shall be designed to prevent excessive stresses in the line resulting from larger rapid temperature changes or from uneven temperature distribution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.5. PIPING JOINTS &#8211;&nbsp;PIPING DESIGN&nbsp;SPECIFICATION&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.5.1. Piping joint types shall generally be as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">a) Flanged joints.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">b) Butt welded joints.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">c) Socket welded joints.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">d) Threaded joints.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.5.2. The joint type shall be selected according to reliability, maintainability and economy, except when limited by specific note.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.5.3. Bolts with nut and gasket shall be used for all flanged joints, in accordance with related pipe class of \u201cEngineering Specification for piping Material\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.5.4. For piping components, joint type shall be considered in accordance with \u201cEngineering Specification for Piping Material\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.5.5. Field weld joints in alloy steel piping, shall be avoided as far as practicable, where heat treatment is required after welding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.5.6. Welded carbon and alloy steel pipe shall be stress relieved when required by ANSI B.31.3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Welding on of attachments such as clips, brackets, etc. after stress relieving is not permitted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.5.7. Threaded joints shall be used only in moderate service conditions, and connection to instrumentation and shall not be used in corrosive, flammable and toxic services. Unless otherwise specified, pipe thread shall be in accordance with NPT as per \u201cEngineering Specification for Piping Material\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.5.8. Threaded joints shall be made with 1\u201d width \u201dPTFE\u201d jointing tape for design temperatures 200\u00b0C and below, and for Above 200\u00b0C, threaded joints shall be seal welded with a full strength fillet weld.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.5.9. All threaded joints except for instrument connection, irrespective of pressure and temperature on lines carrying corrosive flameable and toxic fluid shall be seal welded with a full strength fillet weld.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.5.10.End connections for fittings shall be as indicated on the particular pipe classes in accordance with \u201cEngineering Specification for Piping Material\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.5.11. For Butt Welded joints, Pipe wall thickness shall be as indicated in the individual pipe classes. Where a heavier pipe wall thickness is used than required by the individual line classes, the inside of the end connection of heavier pipe or fitting shall be machined to an inside diameter equal to the end connection of the lighter pipe or fitting with a taper 1:4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When in a piping class, a minimum wall thickness is indicated the wall thickness shall be checked for the actual design conditions of the line.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When a line is subjected to full vacuum, care shall be taken that the correct wall thickness is noted on the P&amp;IDs or line list, If the wall deviated from the one, in the pipe class.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Beveling to be accordance with ANSI B.16.25.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.6. BRANCH CONNECTIONS &#8211;&nbsp;PIPING DESIGN&nbsp;SPECIFICATION&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.6.1. Branch connections type shall be as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">a) Stub &#8211; in: &nbsp;Direct welding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">b) Coupling or Boss: Threaded or Socket welded.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">c) Olet: &nbsp;Weldolet, Threadolet or Sockolet, Latrolet, Elbowlet, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">d) Straight or Reducing Tee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">e) Welding Saddle or Reinforced branch outlets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.6.2. The type of branch connections used in all piping systems shall match the rest of the system in pressure temperature rating. Design pressure and temperature limits shall not be down graded because of branch connection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.6.3. Type of branch connections shall be selected in accordance with related pipe class branch table, in \u201cEngineering Specification for Piping Material\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.6.4. The required reinforcement shall be designed in accordance with the ANSI B31.3&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.6.5. If the wall thickness of the pipe is insufficient to sustain the pressure and thermal stress, branch connection shall be provided with reinforcement according to \u201cEngineering Specification for Piping Material.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.6.6. Stub in connections shall be designed so that the angle of intersection between the branch and the run is 90\u00b0 unless required for process or flow reasons, and shall not be less than 45\u00b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.7. VENTS AND DRAINS &#8211;&nbsp;PIPING DESIGN&nbsp;SPECIFICATION&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.7.1. Vent other than indicated in P&amp;IDs shall be provided at high points of piping of 2\u201d and larger in accordance with the following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">a) \u00be\u201d blank off for alloy and stainless steel piping required for hydrostatic testing purposes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">b) \u00be\u201d threaded plugged for carbon steel piping required for hydrostatic testing purposes. (To be seal welded after testing).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.7.2. Drains other than indicated in P&amp;IDs shall be provided at low points of all piping in accordance with the following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">a) \u00be\u201d gate valve with blind flange for flanged type valve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">b) \u00be\u201d gate valve with threaded plug or screwed cap for threaded\/socket welded type valve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.7.3. Vent and drain arrangement in accordance with working pressure of the line shall be mentioned and showed on the piping standard drawing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.7.4. Where lines are heavily insulated, vents and drains shall be provided with sufficiently long nipple that they will project outside the insulation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.7.5. Vents and drains shall be 3\/4&#8243; NPS, unless otherwise specified in P&amp;IDs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.7.6. Vents and drains shall be readily accessible. The discharge end of all drain and vent lines shall be so located and directed so as not to be a hazard to personnel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.8. SAMPLE CONNECTIONS &#8211;&nbsp;PIPING DESIGN&nbsp;SPECIFICATION&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.8.1. Sample points shall not be located in dead ends of piping. They shall be easily accessible, preferably at ground level if a part of the piping is at ground level. &nbsp;Sample lines shall be as short as possible and shall not exceed 8 m in length.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.8.2. Sample connections shall be grouped together as far as practicable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.8.3. Connections for sampling shall generally be of 3\/4&#8243; couplings, unless otherwise specified in P&amp;IDs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.8.4. The sample connection shall generally be located in vertical line. When pipe is in a horizontal or inclined plane, the sample connection shall generally be located at the side of the pipe unless otherwise indicated on the P&amp;IDs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.8.5. Type of sample connection, necessity of cooler, type of block valve and etc., shall be in accordance with the P&amp;IDs requirement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5. PIPING DESIGN SPECIFICATION \u2013 AROUND EQUIPMENT<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.1. GENERAL<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.1.1. This piping shall be arranged so that full access is provided for maintenance, e.g. by cranes and trucks, and that removal or replacement of equipment can be done with a minimum dismantling of piping.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.1.2. Special notes for piping shown on P&amp;IDs shall be considered as mandatory requirements, and it shall be reflected in piping design specification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.1.3. Piping for pumping out equipment is a part of the process piping and shall be provided as indicated on the P&amp;IDs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pump-out piping shall be designed with a minimum possible additional piping, not regularly required for normal start-up or operation of the process units and utilizing process pumps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.1.4. Where equipment may be removed for maintenance, piping shall be supported so that temporary supports are not required upon such removal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.1.5. The piping should be supported in a manner to keep forces and moments on equipment within allowable amounts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.1.6. Spring hangers may be used on piping subject to thermal expansion, or contraction. In cases where the movement is very large, or the limitations of reactions and stresses are very severe, constant hangers shall be used.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.1.7. Suction and discharge lines on rotating equipment shall be supported as close as possible to the equipment nozzles and shall be relieved of excessive piping strain by the use of proper pipe supports.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.2. PUMP PIPING &#8211;&nbsp;PIPING DESIGN&nbsp;SPECIFICATION&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.2.1. Suction lines to pumps shall generally be designed to avoid pockets. &nbsp;Horizontal suction lines from towers shall generally be designed to avoid pockets caused by thermal expansion of vertical lines. Pump-suction Lines shall be as direct as possible to avoid collection of vapor or gas when pocket is anticipated due to piping elongation in critical services.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.2.2. The discharge line from centrifugal pumps shall be provided with a check valve between the pump and the block valve. For vertical discharge pumps, the check valve shall be located in the vertical line whenever practical. Discharge valves shall have the size as indicated on the P&amp;IDs. Reducer shall be provided, if the pump nozzle is not the same size as the discharge valves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.2.3. Suction and discharge lines of pumps shall be drained through drains located at the low point of the pump casing whenever possible. Provisions shall be made for draining suction and discharge lines. Suction lines may be drained through pump casing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.2.4. Sealing oil systems and cooling water piping for gland, shall be furnished in accordance with the pump vendor&#8217;s recommendations. All fluids from pump drain shall be drained in accordance with P&amp;IDs requirement. Gland and seal oil pumping shall be designed in accordance with relevant standard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.2.5. Reducers, when required in the horizontal run of a pump suction line, shall be eccentric type and installed with the flat portion on top (top flat).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.2.6. To avoid Cavitation in horizontal centrifugal pumps of the double suction type, the suction line shall be arranged so that equal flow distribution to both impeller entrances, is warranted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.2.7. Break flanges shall be provided, when necessary, for pumps, in order to install temporary strainers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.2.8. Where necessary, provisions as spool pieces shall be made in order to facilitate removal of internal elements, housing sections and strainers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.2.9. Piping shall be arranged to provide full access to all pumps, and to permit pump removal or replacement with the minimum dismantling of the piping.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Piping shall be arranged so they do not hamper removal of pumps (especially barrel type).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.2.10. Thermal expansion, vibration, fabrication and erection tolerance shall be taken into consideration, so that excessive forces and moments are not developed at the pump casing and nozzles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.3. PRESSURE VESSEL AND COLUMN &#8211;&nbsp;PIPING DESIGN&nbsp;SPECIFICATION&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.3.1. Generally, piping at columns should drop or rise immediately upon leaving the nozzle and run parallel and as close as practicable to the column itself. &nbsp;However, for ease of supports a number of lines can be grouped together and run parallel in one plane.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.3.2. For ease of operation and maintenance, columns and vessels, which are grouped together, should have their platforms at the same elevation with interconnecting walkways. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.3.3. Vessel connections, carrying inlet stream, shall be arranged to avoid impingement on the vessel wall or against liquid level and gauge glass connections.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The nozzle for level controlling instruments shall be oriented within an angle not exceeding 60\u00b0 against the fluid inlet nozzle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.3.4. Drain valves on tanks and towers are to be located close to the equipment nozzle in order to avoid water pockets, which would freeze during the winter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.3.5. Davit or trolly beam shall be provided on vessel over 9m high where the weight of removable internals and\/or external equipment, such as relief valves, is greater than 50Kg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.4. HEAT EXCHANGER PIPING &#8211;&nbsp;PIPING DESIGN&nbsp;SPECIFICATION&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.4.1. Piping shall be arranged so that they do not hamper removal of shell and channel covers and the withdrawal of the tube bundle. &nbsp; It may be necessary to provide for a pipe spool, elbow or other removable pipe piece, other than the block valve, adjacent to the channel cover. Piping shall be so arranged as to permit removal of shell cover, channel and channel cover with minimum dismantling of piping.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.4.2. For inlet piping to Air Fin Cooler, symmetrical piping arrangement consisting of multiple cascading headers shall be taken to equalize the flow to each bundle, in accordance with the requirement of P&amp;IDs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.4.3. Pockets in exchanger piping shall be provided with low point drains to avoid freezing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.4.4. Enough clearance shall be provided around channel and shell flanges to permit tightening of studs with, impact wrench during maintenance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.4.5. In general, piping shall not be supported on exchangers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.5. COMPRESSOR AND HIGH PRESSURE PUMP PIPING &#8211;&nbsp;PIPING DESIGN&nbsp;SPECIFICATION&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.5.1. Pulsation dampers, snubbers suction stabilizer or volume bottles shall be provided on reciprocating mechinery suction and discharge piping, in accordance with the requirements of P&amp;IDs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.5.2. Compressor headers shall be suitably anchored and guided to eliminate excessive vibrations in piping or building structures, making at the same time adequate provision for thermal expansion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.5.3. The piping shall be so designed as to permit maintenance and dismantling of the machine with the minimum interference with piping.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.5.4. Strainers shall be provided in accordance with P&amp;IDs requirement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.5.5. Discharge check valve on compressors shall be installed as near to the compressor as possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.5.6. Suction lines to gas compressors shall be designed to prevent entrained liquid from getting into the compressors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.5.7. Pipe supports shall not be combined with the compressor and other foundation. The compressor foundation shall not be combined with the compressor house foundation. Pipe racks shall not be connected to the compressor house.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.5.8. Requirements for removal of mill scale, etc., by chemical cleaning for compressor piping, shall be reviewed for each individual case and indicated on the P&amp;IDs. Where chemical cleaning is specified, the piping design specification shall be such that this is feasible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.6. TURBINE PIPING &#8211;&nbsp;PIPING DESIGN&nbsp;SPECIFICATION&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.6.1. Piping for this type of equipment shall be flexible. Refer to related specification for piping stress analysis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.6.2. Design shall allow for sufficient space below turbine inlets to permit the use of a blow down.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.7. FIRED HEATER PIPING &#8211;&nbsp;PIPING DESIGN&nbsp;SPECIFICATION&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.7.1. Piping at the burners, etc., shall be arranged so that it does not hamper insertion\/removal of lighting torches and burner guns. Furthermore, piping shall not obstruct observation windows, access doors, header box covers, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.7.2. Main fuel gas block valves for each furnace shall be located 15 meters away from the furnace it services.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.7.3. Smothering steam lines, shall be grouped and manifold in a remote location at least 9m from the heater and accessible from grade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.8. SEAL SYSTEM PIPING &#8211;&nbsp;PIPING DESIGN&nbsp;SPECIFICATION&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.8.1. All piping in the system supplying sealing fluid to equipment mechanical seals shall be furnished in accordance with the equipment vendor&#8217;s recommendations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.9. INSTRUMENTATION &#8211;&nbsp;PIPING DESIGN&nbsp;SPECIFICATION&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.9.1. Local pressure gages and pressure transmitters shall be rigidly supported on the lines to which they are connected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.9.2. Except as specifically shown in project specification, orifice flanges may be located in horizontal or vertical lines. In a horizontal line, the orifice taps shall be in the vertical on the top for gas lines and in the 45\u00b0 down for oil and liquid lines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.10. TANKS PIPING &#8211;&nbsp;PIPING DESIGN&nbsp;SPECIFICATION&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.10.1. Sufficient distance shall be kept from tank nozzle to the first pipe support to prevent damaging of the pipe by tank settling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.10.2. In general, piping within tank dikes shall be routed in the shortest possible distance to the pipe-ways with adequate allowance for expansion and settling of tank without crossing trough other dike-in areas.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.10.3. Process operational valve manifold shall be located outside dike area, as much as possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.10.4. Tank farm piping shall be routed outside dike area as much as possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6. PIPING DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR UTILITIES &#8211;&nbsp;PIPING DESIGN&nbsp;SPECIFICATION&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.1. STEAM AND CONDENSATE LINE<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.1.1. The steam supply for space and protective heating shall be connected to a source that will not be shut off during unit or equipment shutdown.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.1.2. In steam piping a steam trap shall be installed at each expansion loop, low points, the upstream side of venturi meters, and any place condensate can accumulate and for NPS 3\u201d &amp; larger, a condensate pot or drip leg (NPS 3\u201d) shall be installed together with a steam trap.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.1.3. When locating steam traps upstream of venturi meters or any instrument where the upstream or downstream piping is critical, the instrument engineer shall be contacted to indicate the minimum distance the drain valve can be located.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.1.4. Steam piping systems shall be supplied to the extent shown on the steam flow diagrams and normally shall include systems for the distribution of steam required for process operations, steam turbines, service steam and for steam tracing.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.1.5. Steam trap hookup will be indicated in the piping design standard drawings. Traps inside unit battery limit shall generally discharge to a condensate return system or sewer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Outside battery limit the traps shall discharge to a suitable location, such as ditch, or as defined on the P&amp;IDs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.1.6. All branch connections from steam and condensate headers shall be taken off the top of the header with suitable valve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.1.7. In general steam exhaust line from reciprocating and centrifugal equipment, connected to a header, shall have a single block valve as per P&amp;IDs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.1.8. Single block and check valves shall be provided adjacent to the point of injection of steam into any process stream as shown by flow diagrams.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.1.9. All steam lines shall be designed to avoid unnecessary traps. Where traps can not be avoided, steam traps with drains shall be designed into the piping to remove condensate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.1.10. Block valves shall be provided near the header of each branch to all steam and steam condensate Consumers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.1.11. Condensate lines from different coils or system shall not collect in the same trap, but each system shall have its own trap(s).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.1.12. All clean condensate shall run to a knockout drum, oil contaminated condensate shall be piped up to oily water sewerage system.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.2. WATER SYSTEMS &#8211;&nbsp;PIPING DESIGN&nbsp;SPECIFICATION&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.2.1. Water lines connected to process lines or equipment where back flow may occur shall be fitted with a check valve as shown on P&amp;IDs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.2.2. Potable water shall be used for safety showers and eye bath. Safety showers and eye bath shall be provided in accordance with P&amp;IDs and shall be in accessible location.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They shall also be in accordance to relevant NFPA code and related Engineering Specification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.2.3. Cooling water piping shall preferably be designed to prevent draining exchangers if water failure occurs. &nbsp;All exchangers shall remain full of water.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.2.4. Main lines for drinking water, cooling water, fire water and sewer should be underground piping.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.3. AIR AND NITROGEN LINE &#8211;&nbsp;PIPING DESIGN&nbsp;SPECIFICATION&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.3.1. All air and nitrogen lines should be installed overhead and shall be designed to avoid condensate pockets. If such low points cannot be avoided, drains shall be installed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.3.2. All air and nitrogen branch lines shall take off from the top of horizontal mains.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Every take-off point from headers to instruments shall be furnished with a block valve, close to the header.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.3.3. Instrument air sub-header shall have shutoff valve closed to the main air header.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.3.4. Size of tapping branch from instrument air header for instrument air consumers shall conform to the following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">a) \u00bd\u201d tapping for 1 to 5 consumers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">b) \u00be\u201d tapping for 6 to 10 consumers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">c) 1\u201d tapping for 11 to 15 consumers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">d) 1 \u00bd\u201d tapping for 16 to 20 consumers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.3.5 Instrument air shall not be used for any other purpose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.4. HOSE STATIONS AND EYE WASHERS<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.4.1 HOSE STATION &#8211;&nbsp;PIPING DESIGN&nbsp;SPECIFICATION&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1) &nbsp;In addition of hose stations which specified by process, hose station shall be provided at the following locations:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">a) Hose station shall be provided at ground level so that all equipment can be covered within the redius of 15m by using 20 m hose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">b) &nbsp;Hose station shall be provided at each equipment manhole platform so that equipment manhole can be covered within the redius of 15m by using 20 m hose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">c) Hose station shall be provided at each equipment structure platform so that equipment can be covered within the redius of 15m by using 20 m hose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">d) Hose station shall be provided at each Tie-in valves platform so that all valves can be covered within the redius of 15m by using 20 m hose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">e) Hose station shall be provided at reactor top and bottom platforms so that top and bottom nozzles can be covered within the redius of 15m by using 20 m hose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2) &nbsp;The hose connections shall generally be provided with 3\/4&#8243; valves and hose connectors unless otherwise specified on P&amp;IDs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3) &nbsp;Supplied utilities shall be arranged in the order of N2 (if required), air, water and steam from the left in operation side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4) &nbsp;Steam trap shall not be required at dead end of steam connection, unless otherwise specified by P&amp;IDs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5) &nbsp;Utilities for hose stations could be taken from any header of related area.Block valve at take-off point from utility header shall not be provided unless otherwise specified by P&amp;IDs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6) &nbsp;All nitrogen supply lines at utility stations shall be provided with special and different design to prevent the accidental connection to a nitrogen line when compressed air is required.The elevation of hose coupling and valve for nitrogen service shall be located lower than that for other services.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7) &nbsp;All ground level hose station shall be provided with a steam and water mixing line to make hot water as specified by UDDs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">8) &nbsp;Unless otherwise specified, general concept for hose station supplied service shall be as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.inspection-for-industry.com\/images\/piping-design-specification.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.4.2 EYE WASHER &#8211;&nbsp;PIPING DESIGN&nbsp;SPECIFICATION&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Emergency showers with eye wash fountains shall be provided in areas where operating personnel are subject to hazardous sprays or spills such as acid, caustic, etc. in accordance with P&amp;IDs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.5. DRAINAGE AND SEWERAGE SYSTEM &#8211;&nbsp;PIPING DESIGN&nbsp;SPECIFICATION&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.5.1. Drainage and sewerage systems shall be supplied to the extent shown on the P&amp;IDs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.5.2. Equipment drains shall be collected to drain system in accordance with P&amp;IDs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.5.3. Oily sewer systems shall be properly trapped and sealed at manholes and sumps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.5.4. Oily sewer shall be drained separate from rainwater and non oily sewer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.5.5. All sewer branches shall be connected to main at an angle of 60\u00b0 or less.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7. PIPING COMPONENTS &#8211;&nbsp;PIPING DESIGN&nbsp;SPECIFICATION&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">All Piping material and components shall be selected based on items specified on Engineering Specification for Piping Materials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">All piping items which are not coverd by Engineering Specification for Piping Material shall be considered as Piping Special Item.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">All piping special items shall be defined by tag number and &nbsp;listed in Piping Special Item List.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7.1. PIPES &amp; PIPE NIPPLE &#8211;&nbsp;PIPING DESIGN&nbsp;SPECIFICATION&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7.1.1. The minimum pipe size shall generally be 1\/2&#8243;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7.1.2. The minimum pipe size shall be 4&#8243; for the buried main sewer lines, and 2&#8243; for other buried lines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7.1.3. Pipe size 1 \u00bc\u201d, 2 \u00bd\u201d, 3 \u00bd\u201d, 5\u201d, 7\u201d, 9\u201d, 22\u201d and 26\u201d shall not be used, except for connection to the equipment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7.1.4. Nipple specification shall be in accordant with\u201d Engineering Specification for Piping Material.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7.2. FITTINGS &#8211;&nbsp;PIPING DESIGN&nbsp;SPECIFICATION&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7.2.1. Welding Fittings<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">a) Butt welding fittings shall be used in accordance to \u201cEngineering Specification for Piping Material\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Reducing elbows, straight crosses, reducing outlet tees, reducing outlet crosses and short radius 45 or 90 elbows shall be considered as special fittings. Such specials shall be used only to suit process or piping requirements if no other design is feasible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">b) Socket welding fittings shall be used in accordance to \u201cEngineering Specification for Piping Material\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7.2.2. Flanged fittings &#8211; Piping Design Specification&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In general, flanged fittings shall not be used. &nbsp;However, when required, it shall be in accordance with ASME \/ANSI B16.5 &amp; ASME\/ANSI B 16.47-B.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7.2.3. Threaded fittings<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Threaded fittings shall be used in accordance to \u201cEngineering Specification for Piping Material\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7.3. BENDS, MITERS AND ELBOWS &#8211;&nbsp;PIPING DESIGN&nbsp;SPECIFICATION&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7.3.1. Elbows shall generally be used to change the direction of piping, however factory bends and miters may be used in place of elbows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7.3.2. In general, directional changes in piping arrangements shall be 45\u00b0, 90\u00b0 and 180\u00b0 turns, other turns are subject to OWNER\u2019s approval.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7.3.3. Miter may be used, only when specified in relavant piping class in accordant with \u201cEngineering Specification for Piping Material.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7.3.4. The radius of bend shall be generally be 5 time the nominal outside diameter, unless otherwise indicated on the P&amp;IDs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7.3.5. Welding elbows shall be of the long radius type(R=1.5 OD).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Short radius welding elbows &nbsp;(R=OD) shall be used where required for clearance purpose and shall be indicated on piping drawings as SR.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7.3.6. Pipes indicated below may cold bent at site.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">a) Carbon Steel pipe: 1&#8243; and smaller.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">b) Ferrous Alloy and Non Ferrous Alloy pipe: 3\/4&#8243; and smaller.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7.4. FLANGES &#8211;&nbsp;PIPING DESIGN&nbsp;SPECIFICATION&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7.4.1. Flanges of 24&#8243; and smaller shall be consistent with ASME B16.5, and flanges of 26&#8243; through 60&#8243; shall be in accordance with ASME B16.47 series B.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7.4.2. The use of flanges in piping shall be limited to connections at flanged equipment (instrument equipment) and valves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Flanges shall also be provided in special cases such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">a) Where frequent dismantling of piping is required.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">b) Where plastics, non metallic, cast iron or lining piping systems cannot be welded or otherwise joined except by flanges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7.4.3. Welding neck type flanges shall be used for 2\u201d and larger piping.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7.4.4. Flange faces shall be serrated finish in accordance with ASME B16.5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7.4.5. Threaded flanges shall be kept to a minimum, with OWNER\u2019s approval.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7.4.6. In general, the bolt holes of all flanges shall be straddled in vertical centerline for horizontal piping and shall be straddled in plant north-south line for vertical piping.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7.5. STRAINERS &#8211;&nbsp;PIPING DESIGN&nbsp;SPECIFICATION&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7.5.1. Temporary conical strainers or wire nets for the purpose of flushing shall be provided in suction lines of pumps and compressors, if it has no permanent strainers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7.5.2. Any other type of strainer or filter requirement shall be in accordance with the relevant P&amp;IDs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7.5.3. The type of strainers shall be specified in P&amp;IDs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7.5.4. Duplex type basket strainers shall be used where shut down is not permitted, and specified in the P&amp;IDs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7.5.5. The strainers shall be provided with connections for easy removal and servicing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7.6. VALVES &#8211;&nbsp;PIPING DESIGN&nbsp;SPECIFICATION&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7.6.1. If required by their applicable design code, drain connections shall be provided for valves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7.6.2. The valves for which by-pass are to be furnished, shall be indicated on the P&amp;IDs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7.6.3. If the P&amp;IDs require a valve body by-pass, the by-pass size shall be as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><th>Pressure Rating<\/th><th>Run Pipe Size<\/th><th>By-Pass Size<\/th><\/tr><tr><td>150 lb<\/td><td>All<\/td><td>not required<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>300 lb<\/td><td>Up to 14\u201d<\/td><td>not required<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>300 lb<\/td><td>16\u201d &amp; above<\/td><td>\u00be\u201d<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>600 lb and higher<\/td><td>Up to 4\u201d<\/td><td>not required<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>600 lb and higher<\/td><td>6\u201d to 8\u201d<\/td><td>\u00be\u201d<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>600 lb and higher<\/td><td>10\u201d and larger<\/td><td>1\u201d<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">a) Material specification of the by-pass line shall be same as the material specification of the run pipe line &nbsp;unless otherwise specified.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">b) The by-pass line shall be provided with globe valve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">8. ACCESS REQUIREMENTS &#8211;&nbsp;PIPING DESIGN&nbsp;SPECIFICATION&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">8.1. STAIRS AND LADDERS<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">8.1.1. Stair Access to Platforms<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The stair access shall be provided for following cases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1) The top platforms of the structure is located 10 m and over above the ground and also the floor, has an area of 50 m2 and larger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2) The platforms on which equipment or instrument requiring operation at emergency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3) Platforms for equipment, which require frequent opening and\/or closing of some part once or more per day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4) The elevated platforms more than 1.5 m height on which a sample nozzle requiring sampling once or more per day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">8.1.2. Ladder Access to Platforms &#8211; Piping Design Specification<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Maximum length of ladder between landing platforms shall be 9 m.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ladder access shall be provided for following cases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1) Platforms other than Par. 8.1.1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2) The platform with stair, which requires one escape way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3) Platform height is 1.5 m and lower even though frequent operation is required.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4) Platforms attached directly to equipment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5) Platforms not attached directly to equipment for access to manhole or instrumentation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">8.1.3. Dual Access Requirements<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For following cases, two ways of access shall be provided.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1) When the platform has more than 20 m traveling from a main access ladder or stair, an escape ladder shall be provided. Dead end way shall also be restricted within 20 m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2) Access ladders for walkway on the pipe rack shall be required at intervals of a maximum of 60m in process plant area (on-site) and a maximum of 100 m in off-site.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For each of the above, a crossover access way to another platform or floor may be planned in place of a ladder or stair.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbad681 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dbad681\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- ==================================================================== -->\n<!-- PtroTek High-Authority Technical Guide: Piping Design Specification -->\n<!-- Primary Keyword: piping design specification -->\n<!-- Standards: ISO 9001 \/ ASME \/ API -->\n<!-- ==================================================================== -->\n\n<article class=\"ptrotek-technical-guide\">\n\n  <!-- Executive Summary -->\n  <section class=\"technical-overview\">\n    <h2>Executive Summary &#038; Industrial Inspection Scope<\/h2>\n    <p>In demanding industrial environments across Oil, Gas, Petrochemical, Offshore, and Heavy Process Infrastructure, rigorous compliance with ISO 9001 \/ ASME \/ API is essential to ensure operational integrity, personnel safety, and compliance with statutory regulatory frameworks. This technical specification provides QA\/QC managers, procurement engineers, welding inspectors, and third-party inspection (TPI) agencies with an authoritative, field-tested guideline for &#8220;Piping Design Specification&#8221;.<\/p><p>Ensuring compliance regarding piping design specification minimizes the risk of catastrophic asset failures, costly unscheduled shutdowns, and supplier non-conformances. The following technical sections delineate the scope of inspection, mandatory verification protocols, acceptance criteria, documentation deliverables, and root cause mitigation strategies.<\/p>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- Governing Codes & Standards -->\n  <section class=\"regulatory-standards\">\n    <h2>Governing International Engineering Codes &#038; Specifications<\/h2>\n    <p>Verification and validation of Piping Design Specification must strictly conform to the latest editions of the following international engineering codes and project specifications:<br\/>\u2022 **Primary Standard Reference:** ISO 9001 \/ ASME \/ API<br\/>\u2022 **Quality Management &#038; Inspection Systems:** ISO 9001:2015 &#038; ISO\/IEC 17020 (Requirements for the operation of various types of bodies performing inspection)<br\/>\u2022 **Material Compliance &#038; Traceability:** EN 10204 Type 3.1 \/ 3.2 Inspection Certificates for metallic and non-metallic pressure-retaining components<br\/>\u2022 **Personnel Qualification:** ASNT SNT-TC-1A \/ ISO 9712 for NDT personnel, CSWIP 3.1 \/ AWS CWI for welding inspection, and NACE \/ AMPP Level 2\/3 for coating and corrosion personnel<br\/>\u2022 **Statutory &#038; Health Safety Directives:** ASME Boiler &#038; Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC), API Standards, OSHA, and regional local authority regulations.<\/p>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- Step-by-step Quality Control Protocol -->\n  <section class=\"inspection-protocol\">\n    <h2>Step-by-Step Quality Control &#038; Inspection Procedure<\/h2>\n    <p>The execution of quality surveillance for <strong>Piping Design Specification<\/strong> is structured across four progressive QA\/QC intervention phases:<\/p>\n    \n    \n    <div class=\"protocol-stage\" style=\"margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 18px; border: 1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius: 8px; background-color: #f8fafc;\">\n      <h3 style=\"color: #0f172a; margin-top: 0;\">Stage 1: Pre-Inspection &#038; Engineering Document Review (Review Point &#8211; R)<\/h3>\n      <p style=\"color: #334155; line-height: 1.6;\">Prior to commencement of any physical activities or manufacturing operations related to Piping Design Specification, the contractor or vendor must submit all technical submittals to the Owner or TPI agency for formal review and approval.<\/p>\n      <ul style=\"color: #1e293b; padding-left: 20px; line-height: 1.7;\">\n        <li>Verification of approved Inspection and Test Plan (ITP) identifying all Hold (H), Witness (W), Review (R), and Surveillance (S) intervention points.<\/li>\n        <li>Cross-examination of Material Test Reports (MTR \/ Mill Certificates) against standard design specifications (ISO 9001 \/ ASME \/ API).<\/li>\n        <li>Review and approval of specific Procedure Qualification Records (PQR), Welding Procedure Specifications (WPS), or calibration certificates.<\/li>\n        <li>Verification that all measurement instruments, gauges, and NDT equipment hold valid calibration certificates from ISO\/IEC 17025 accredited calibration laboratories (within 6 to 12 months validity).<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"protocol-stage\" style=\"margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 18px; border: 1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius: 8px; background-color: #f8fafc;\">\n      <h3 style=\"color: #0f172a; margin-top: 0;\">Stage 2: In-Process Witnessing &#038; Fabrication Control (Witness \/ Hold Point &#8211; W\/H)<\/h3>\n      <p style=\"color: #334155; line-height: 1.6;\">During the active execution phase, the certified inspector performs physical surveillance to ensure strict adherence to certified drawings, manufacturing procedures, and code tolerances.<\/p>\n      <ul style=\"color: #1e293b; padding-left: 20px; line-height: 1.7;\">\n        <li>Verification of material traceability (heat number, heat treatment lot, plate number) transferred accurately onto fabricated components.<\/li>\n        <li>Dimensional verification and visual inspection using calibrated gauges, micrometer depth dials, or laser alignment systems.<\/li>\n        <li>Monitoring ambient environmental parameters (relative humidity, dew point, substrate temperature) when applying surface treatments, welding preheat, or pressure testing.<\/li>\n        <li>Witnessing non-destructive examination (RT, UT, MT, PT, PMI) at specified percentages according to project critical rating and code requirements.<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"protocol-stage\" style=\"margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 18px; border: 1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius: 8px; background-color: #f8fafc;\">\n      <h3 style=\"color: #0f172a; margin-top: 0;\">Stage 3: Final Acceptance, Pressure\/Performance Testing &#038; Marking (Hold Point &#8211; H)<\/h3>\n      <p style=\"color: #334155; line-height: 1.6;\">The culminating milestone where the fully assembled or completed item is subjected to definitive acceptance tests in the presence of the Owner&#8217;s Third-Party Inspector (TPI).<\/p>\n      <ul style=\"color: #1e293b; padding-left: 20px; line-height: 1.7;\">\n        <li>Execution of pressure proof tests (Hydrostatic at 1.3x to 1.5x MAWP or Pneumatic test) with dual calibrated pressure gauges and temperature recorders.<\/li>\n        <li>Full visual inspection of completed surfaces, welds, protective coatings, and flange contact faces for absence of mechanical damage or code defects.<\/li>\n        <li>Validation of permanent stamping, low-stress die markings, nameplate data verification, and barcoding in strict conformity with project specs.<\/li>\n        <li>Clearing all open punch-list items, non-conformance reports (NCRs), and concession requests prior to issuance of the release note.<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"protocol-stage\" style=\"margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 18px; border: 1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius: 8px; background-color: #f8fafc;\">\n      <h3 style=\"color: #0f172a; margin-top: 0;\">Stage 4: Packing, Preservation &#038; Inspection Release (Inspection Release Certificate &#8211; IRC)<\/h3>\n      <p style=\"color: #334155; line-height: 1.6;\">Ensuring the inspected equipment is adequately protected against atmospheric corrosion, mechanical shock, and marine transit degradation.<\/p>\n      <ul style=\"color: #1e293b; padding-left: 20px; line-height: 1.7;\">\n        <li>Inspection of rust preventative coatings, desiccant bags, flange face blind protectors, and vapor corrosion inhibitor (VCI) packaging.<\/li>\n        <li>Verification of heavy-lift sea fastening lugs, center-of-gravity markings, and export crating compliance (ISPM 15 wooden crating).<\/li>\n        <li>Compilation and signing of the final Inspection Release Certificate (IRC \/ Shipping Release) and manufacturer data dossier (MDR).<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- Technical Acceptance Criteria Table -->\n  <section class=\"acceptance-criteria-table\" style=\"margin-top: 32px; margin-bottom: 32px;\">\n    <h2>Technical Acceptance Criteria &#038; Tolerances Matrix<\/h2>\n    <p>All measurements and physical characteristics must comply with the engineering tolerances and acceptance thresholds tabulated below:<\/p>\n    <div style=\"overflow-x: auto;\">\n      <table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: left; font-size: 14px; margin-top: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;\">\n        <thead>\n          <tr style=\"background-color: #0f172a; color: #ffffff;\">\n            <th style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border: 1px solid #334155;\">Inspection Parameter \/ Test Item<\/th>\n            <th style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border: 1px solid #334155;\">Applicable Standard &#038; Clause<\/th>\n            <th style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border: 1px solid #334155;\">Permissible Tolerance \/ Acceptance Limit<\/th>\n            <th style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border: 1px solid #334155;\">Verification Method<\/th>\n            <th style=\"padding: 12px 14px; border: 1px solid #334155;\">Intervention Type<\/th>\n          <\/tr>\n        <\/thead>\n        <tbody>\n          \n          <tr style=\"background-color: #ffffff; color: #0f172a;\">\n            <td style=\"padding: 10px 14px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;\">Material Chemical &#038; Mechanical Verification<\/td>\n            <td style=\"padding: 10px 14px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: normal;\">ISO 9001 \/ ASME \/ API \/ EN 10204 3.1<\/td>\n            <td style=\"padding: 10px 14px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: normal;\">100% compliance with minimum tensile, yield, elongation, and impact values (Charpy V-Notch at design temp)<\/td>\n            <td style=\"padding: 10px 14px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: normal;\">Optical Emission Spectrometry (OES) \/ MTR Verification<\/td>\n            <td style=\"padding: 10px 14px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: normal;\">Review (R)<\/td>\n          <\/tr>\n\n          <tr style=\"background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a;\">\n            <td style=\"padding: 10px 14px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;\">Visual &#038; Dimensional Tolerances<\/td>\n            <td style=\"padding: 10px 14px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: normal;\">ISO 9001 \/ ASME \/ API \/ Project Specs<\/td>\n            <td style=\"padding: 10px 14px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: normal;\">Zero cracks, lack of fusion, severe pitting; dimensional tolerances within \u00b11.0mm to \u00b13.0mm per code drawings<\/td>\n            <td style=\"padding: 10px 14px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: normal;\">Calibrated Vernier, Bridge Cam, Depth Micrometer<\/td>\n            <td style=\"padding: 10px 14px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: normal;\">Witness (W)<\/td>\n          <\/tr>\n\n          <tr style=\"background-color: #ffffff; color: #0f172a;\">\n            <td style=\"padding: 10px 14px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;\">Non-Destructive Examination (NDT)<\/td>\n            <td style=\"padding: 10px 14px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: normal;\">ASME Sec V \/ ASNT SNT-TC-1A<\/td>\n            <td style=\"padding: 10px 14px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: normal;\">100% compliant with code acceptance criteria; zero planar defects or unpermitted volumetric indications<\/td>\n            <td style=\"padding: 10px 14px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: normal;\">Radiographic (RT) \/ Ultrasonic (UT) \/ Magnetic Particle (MT)<\/td>\n            <td style=\"padding: 10px 14px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: normal;\">Hold (H)<\/td>\n          <\/tr>\n\n          <tr style=\"background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a;\">\n            <td style=\"padding: 10px 14px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;\">Pressure \/ Proof Testing (Hydrostatic)<\/td>\n            <td style=\"padding: 10px 14px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: normal;\">ISO 9001 \/ ASME \/ API \/ ASME Sec VIII<\/td>\n            <td style=\"padding: 10px 14px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: normal;\">Test pressure maintained for minimum 30 to 60 mins; zero pressure drop, zero leakage or visible sweating<\/td>\n            <td style=\"padding: 10px 14px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: normal;\">Dual calibrated Bourdon pressure gauges + Chart Recorder<\/td>\n            <td style=\"padding: 10px 14px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: normal;\">Hold (H)<\/td>\n          <\/tr>\n\n          <tr style=\"background-color: #ffffff; color: #0f172a;\">\n            <td style=\"padding: 10px 14px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;\">Surface Prep &#038; Protective Coating Quality<\/td>\n            <td style=\"padding: 10px 14px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: normal;\">SSPC-SP \/ NACE \/ ISO 8501<\/td>\n            <td style=\"padding: 10px 14px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: normal;\">Surface profile 50 &#8211; 75 \u00b5m; Dry Film Thickness (DFT) within 80\/20 rule of specified nominal thickness<\/td>\n            <td style=\"padding: 10px 14px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: normal;\">Replica Tape (ASTM D4417) &#038; Magnetic Gauge (SSPC-PA 2)<\/td>\n            <td style=\"padding: 10px 14px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: normal;\">Witness (W)<\/td>\n          <\/tr>\n\n          <tr style=\"background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a;\">\n            <td style=\"padding: 10px 14px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;\">Nameplate &#038; Final Preservation Verification<\/td>\n            <td style=\"padding: 10px 14px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: normal;\">API \/ ASME \/ Client Specs<\/td>\n            <td style=\"padding: 10px 14px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: normal;\">316L SS nameplate securely affixed with correct design code, MAWP, design temp, and national board stamping<\/td>\n            <td style=\"padding: 10px 14px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: normal;\">Physical visual check &#038; VCI preservation verification<\/td>\n            <td style=\"padding: 10px 14px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: normal;\">Hold (H)<\/td>\n          <\/tr>\n        <\/tbody>\n      <\/table>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- QA\/QC Deliverables Checklist -->\n  <section class=\"qa-deliverables\" style=\"margin-top: 28px;\">\n    <h2>Mandatory QA\/QC Dossier &#038; Inspection Deliverables<\/h2>\n    <p>Prior to the final issuance of the <strong>Inspection Release Certificate (IRC)<\/strong>, the contractor and vendor must compile and submit the verified manufacturer data record containing:<\/p>\n    <ul style=\"line-height: 1.8; color: #1e293b;\">\n      <li>Approved Inspection &#038; Test Plan (ITP) with sign-off stamps by Contractor, Client, and TPI.<\/li>\n      <li>Material Test Reports (MTR \/ Mill Test Certificates EN 10204 Type 3.1 or 3.2).<\/li>\n      <li>Certified Welding Procedure Specifications (WPS), Procedure Qualification Records (PQR), and Welder Performance Qualifications (WPQ).<\/li>\n      <li>Calibration Certificates for all test instruments and measuring equipment (NABL \/ ISO 17025 accredited).<\/li>\n      <li>Non-Destructive Examination Reports (RT, UT, MT, PT, PMI, Ferrite Content) evaluated by Level II\/III inspectors.<\/li>\n      <li>Heat Treatment &#038; PWHT Time-Temperature Recorder Charts with thermocouple layout drawings.<\/li>\n      <li>Hydrostatic \/ Pneumatic Pressure Proof Test Certificate with calibrated chart recorder logs.<\/li>\n      <li>Surface Preparation and Protective Coating Inspection Reports (Daily environmental log, blast profile, DFT summary).<\/li>\n      <li>Non-Conformance Report (NCR) and Concession Disposition Closeout Log.<\/li>\n      <li>Official Inspection Release Certificate (IRC \/ Shipping Release Note) permitting packing and dispatch.<\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- Common Non-Conformances and Mitigation -->\n  <section class=\"ncr-mitigation\" style=\"margin-top: 28px;\">\n    <h2>Common Non-Conformances &#038; Field Mitigation Strategies<\/h2>\n    <p>Based on extensive third-party inspection field records in oil &#038; gas projects, the following deviations require heightened surveillance:<\/p>\n    \n    <div style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 14px; background: #fff7ed; border-left: 4px solid #f97316; border-radius: 4px;\">\n      <h4 style=\"margin: 0 0 6px 0; color: #9a3412;\">Defect \/ Hazard: Material Grade Substitution &#038; Lack of Heat Traceability<\/h4>\n      <p style=\"margin: 0 0 4px 0; color: #431407; font-size: 13.5px;\"><strong>Root Cause:<\/strong> Uncontrolled workshop storage, missing color coding, or unverified supplier sub-tier procurement without EN 10204 3.1 documentation.<\/p>\n      <p style=\"margin: 0; color: #15803d; font-size: 13.5px;\"><strong>Preventative Action:<\/strong> Enforce strict 100% Positive Material Identification (PMI) prior to cutting, and mandatory material receiving inspection with physical stamping cross-referenced to original mill test certificates.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 14px; background: #fff7ed; border-left: 4px solid #f97316; border-radius: 4px;\">\n      <h4 style=\"margin: 0 0 6px 0; color: #9a3412;\">Defect \/ Hazard: Out-of-Tolerance Fit-Up &#038; Alignment Mismatch<\/h4>\n      <p style=\"margin: 0 0 4px 0; color: #431407; font-size: 13.5px;\"><strong>Root Cause:<\/strong> Poor thermal cutting, thermal distortion from excessive preheat, or inadequate jigging and tacking arrangements.<\/p>\n      <p style=\"margin: 0; color: #15803d; font-size: 13.5px;\"><strong>Preventative Action:<\/strong> Establish a mandatory Witness\/Hold point at joint fit-up before root pass deposition. Use calibrated Hi-Lo gauges to verify bevel angle, root face, and root gap according to the qualified WPS.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 14px; background: #fff7ed; border-left: 4px solid #f97316; border-radius: 4px;\">\n      <h4 style=\"margin: 0 0 6px 0; color: #9a3412;\">Defect \/ Hazard: Premature Coating Delamination &#038; Blistering Under Film<\/h4>\n      <p style=\"margin: 0 0 4px 0; color: #431407; font-size: 13.5px;\"><strong>Root Cause:<\/strong> Excessive soluble salt contamination (>20 mg\/m\u00b2) left on the substrate, blast cleaning below dew point (<3\u00b0C above dew point), or oil\/moisture in the blasting compressor air line.<\/p>\n      <p style=\"margin: 0; color: #15803d; font-size: 13.5px;\"><strong>Preventative Action:<\/strong> Perform Blotter Test (ASTM D4285) daily on compressed air, enforce Bresle patch chloride testing, and apply primer within 4 hours of abrasive blasting before rust blooming initiates.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 14px; background: #fff7ed; border-left: 4px solid #f97316; border-radius: 4px;\">\n      <h4 style=\"margin: 0 0 6px 0; color: #9a3412;\">Defect \/ Hazard: Pressure Drop During Final Hydrostatic Proof Testing<\/h4>\n      <p style=\"margin: 0 0 4px 0; color: #431407; font-size: 13.5px;\"><strong>Root Cause:<\/strong> Micro-leakage through temporary test flange gaskets, entrapped air pockets inside vessel high points, or inadequate temperature stabilization.<\/p>\n      <p style=\"margin: 0; color: #15803d; font-size: 13.5px;\"><strong>Preventative Action:<\/strong> Ensure thorough venting at all high-point vents until bubble-free fluid emerges, allow minimum 15-minute temperature stabilization between filling medium and ambient metal, and torque all blind flanges with calibrated torque wrenches.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- FAQ Section (Schema Ready) -->\n  <section class=\"inspection-faq\" style=\"margin-top: 36px; padding: 24px; background-color: #f8fafc; border: 1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius: 12px;\">\n    <h2 style=\"color: #0f172a; margin-top: 0;\">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)<\/h2>\n    \n    <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n      <h3 style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #1e3a8a; margin-bottom: 6px;\">Q: What are the mandatory qualifications for inspectors verifying Piping Design Specification?<\/h3>\n      <p style=\"color: #334155; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0;\"><strong>A:<\/strong> Inspectors must hold recognized international certifications applicable to the discipline. For welding and fabrication: CSWIP 3.1\/3.2, AWS CWI, or API 510\/570 Source Inspector. For NDT: ISO 9712 or ASNT SNT-TC-1A Level II minimum. For coatings: NACE \/ AMPP Level 2 or FROSIO Level III. Additionally, the inspection agency must operate under an ISO\/IEC 17020 accredited quality management system.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n      <h3 style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #1e3a8a; margin-bottom: 6px;\">Q: How does PtroTek resolve non-conformances (NCRs) encountered during vendor surveillance?<\/h3>\n      <p style=\"color: #334155; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0;\"><strong>A:<\/strong> When a deviation from certified drawings or ISO 9001 \/ ASME \/ API is detected, the inspector issues a formal Non-Conformance Report (NCR) within 24 hours. The vendor must submit a Root Cause Analysis (RCA) and proposed disposition (Rework, Repair, or Concession). Work on the affected component is halted (Hold Point) until the Owner&#8217;s engineering authority approves the disposition and a re-inspection confirms full compliance.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n      <h3 style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #1e3a8a; margin-bottom: 6px;\">Q: What is the difference between Witness (W) and Hold (H) points in an Inspection &#038; Test Plan (ITP)?<\/h3>\n      <p style=\"color: #334155; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0;\"><strong>A:<\/strong> A Hold Point (H) is a mandatory milestone where fabrication or testing CANNOT proceed without the physical presence of the designated client or third-party inspector. Written clearance or stamping is strictly required. A Witness Point (W) requires prior notification (typically 24 to 48 hours) to the inspector; however, if the inspector fails to attend at the scheduled time, fabrication or testing may proceed with subsequent review of the test records.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\">\n      <h3 style=\"font-size: 16px; color: #1e3a8a; margin-bottom: 6px;\">Q: Can international clients review inspection reports and photos in real time?<\/h3>\n      <p style=\"color: #334155; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0;\"><strong>A:<\/strong> Yes. PtroTek provides comprehensive Flash Reports issued within 24 hours of inspection completion, followed by detailed formal inspection reports accompanied by high-resolution calibrated photographic evidence, dimension logs, and signed vendor test records for complete global transparency.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- Authoritative Call to Action & Internal Links -->\n  <section class=\"cta-section\" style=\"margin-top: 36px; padding: 24px; background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0f172a 0%, #1e293b 100%); color: #ffffff; border-radius: 12px; text-align: center;\">\n    <h2 style=\"color: #f8fafc; margin-top: 0;\">Need Certified Third-Party Inspection (TPI) Support?<\/h2>\n    <p style=\"color: #cbd5e1; max-width: 700px; margin: 0 auto 18px auto; line-height: 1.6;\">\n      PtroTek provides international vendor surveillance, ASME code vessel inspection, welding QA\/QC, and protective coating verification across Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and global fabrication hubs.\n    <\/p>\n    <p style=\"margin: 0;\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/contact\/\" style=\"display: inline-block; background-color: #f59e0b; color: #0f172a; font-weight: bold; padding: 12px 28px; border-radius: 6px; text-decoration: none;\">\n        Request a Technical Inspection Quote\n      <\/a>\n    <\/p>\n  <\/section>\n\n<\/article>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This article provides you with a example piping design specification that is used in the industrial plant engineering and construction work.&nbsp; 1. GENERAL 1.1. SCOPE 1.1.1. This specification covers general and detailed design and layout requirements for all process and utility piping systems and supplements the requirements of the codes under which the piping systems [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-699","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/699","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=699"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/699\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2727,"href":"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/699\/revisions\/2727"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=699"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}