{"id":686,"date":"2019-11-06T09:31:40","date_gmt":"2019-11-06T09:31:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-arithmetic-average-roughness-height\/"},"modified":"2020-07-24T11:02:05","modified_gmt":"2020-07-24T03:02:05","slug":"what-is-the-arithmetic-average-roughness-height","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-arithmetic-average-roughness-height\/","title":{"rendered":"What is the Arithmetic Average Roughness Height?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"686\" class=\"elementor elementor-686\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e72946d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e72946d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container 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Companies<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-943\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/industrial-commodity-inspection-services\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Industrial Commodity Inspection Services<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-937\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/industrial-quality-control\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Industrial Quality Control<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-861\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/industrial-test-systems\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Industrial Test Systems<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-963\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/industrial-third-party-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Industrial Third Party Inspection<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-1'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-962\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/industrial-third-party-inspection-agency\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Industrial Third Party Inspection Agency<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-966\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/industrial-third-party-inspection-services\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Industrial Third Party Inspection Services<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-970\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/inspection-and-test-plan\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Inspection and Test Plan<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-832\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/inspection-and-test-plan-for-centrifugal-compressor-sample\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Inspection and Test Plan for Centrifugal Compressor \u2013 Sample<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-828\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/inspection-and-test-plan-for-centrifugal-pump-sample\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Inspection and Test Plan for Centrifugal Pump \u2013 Sample<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-880\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/inspection-and-test-plan-for-fin-tube-heat-exchanger-or-air-cooled-heat-exchager-sample\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Inspection and Test Plan for Fin Tube Heat Exchanger or Air-Cooled Heat Exchager \u2013 Sample<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-865\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/inspection-and-test-plan-for-fire-tube-boiler-sample\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Inspection and Test Plan for Fire Tube Boiler \u2013 Sample<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-885\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/inspection-and-test-plan-for-pressure-vessel\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Inspection and Test Plan for Pressure Vessel<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-877\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/inspection-and-test-plan-for-shell-and-tube-heat-exchanger-sample\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Inspection and Test Plan for Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger \u2013 Sample<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-873\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/inspection-and-test-plan-for-storage-tank-sample\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Inspection and Test Plan for Storage Tank \u2013 Sample<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-867\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/inspection-and-test-plan-for-water-tube-boiler-sample\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Inspection and Test Plan for Water Tube Boiler \u2013 Sample<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-939\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/inspection-of-packing\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Inspection of Packing<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-947\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/inspection-scope\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Inspection Scope<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-876\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/piping-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Piping Inspection<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-836\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/piping-and-equipment-cleaning-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Piping and Equipment Cleaning Specification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-846\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/piping-design-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Piping Design Specification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-838\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/piping-fabrication-and-erection-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Piping Fabrication and Erection Specification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-840\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pipe-three-layer-polyethylene-coating-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pipe Three Layer Polyethylene Coating Specification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-842\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/piping-shop-fabrication-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Piping Shop Fabrication Specification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-847\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/piping-hanging-and-support-engineering-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Piping Hanging and Support Engineering Specification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-848\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/piping-stress-analysis-engineering-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Piping Stress Analysis Engineering Specification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-841\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pipeline-wrapping-and-coating-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pipeline Wrapping and Coating Specification<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-1517\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pump-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Pump Inspection<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-829\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pump-casing-hydrostatic-test\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pump Casing Hydrostatic Test<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-830\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pump-casing-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pump Casing Inspection<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-839\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pump-guides-and-reviews\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pump Guides and Reviews<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-827\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pump-impeller-dynamic-balancing\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pump Impeller Dynamic Balancing<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-826\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pump-mechanical-run-test\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pump Mechanical Run Test<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-825\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pump-net-positive-suction-head-test-npsh-test\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pump Net Positive Suction Head Test (NPSH Test)<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-824\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pump-vibration-testing\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pump Vibration Testing<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-863\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/centrifugal-pump-performance-test\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Centrifugal Pump Performance Test<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-954\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/quality-control-plan\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Quality Control Plan<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-933\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/quality-control-in-packaging\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Quality Control in Packaging<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-1'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-940\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/seaworthy-packing-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Seaworthy Packing Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-936\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/quality-control-manual-for-contractors\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Quality Control Manual for Contractors<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-951\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/quality-control-forms\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Quality Control Forms<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-938\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/vessel-pressure-testing\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Vessel Pressure Testing<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-871\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pressure-safety-valve-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pressure Safety Valve Inspection<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-912\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pressure-vessel-certification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pressure Vessel Certification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-913\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pressure-vessel-definition\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pressure Vessel Definition<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-927\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pressure-vessel-dimension-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pressure Vessel Dimension Inspection<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-909\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pressure-vessel-heads\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pressure Vessel Heads<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-930\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pressure-vessel-inspections\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pressure Vessel Inspections<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-928\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pressure-vessel-plate\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pressure Vessel Plate<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-911\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pressure-vessel-rt-test\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pressure Vessel RT Test<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-837\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/engineering-specification-for-pressure-test-of-piping-system\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Engineering Specification for Pressure Test of Piping System<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-883\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pwht-requirements-in-pressure-vessel-inspections\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">PWHT Requirements in Pressure Vessel Inspections<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-892\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/surface-dust-test-on-blast-cleaned-surface\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Surface Dust Test on Blast-Cleaned Surface<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-893\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/surface-profile-measurement-by-replica-tape-2\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Surface Profile Measurement by Replica Tape<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-1524\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Third Party Inspection<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-967\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-independent-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Independent Inspection<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-960\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-inspection-expediting\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Inspection Expediting<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-834\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-inspection-for-centrifugal-compressor-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Inspection for Centrifugal Compressor \u2013 Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-866\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-inspection-for-fire-tube-boiler-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Inspection for Fire Tube Boiler \u2013 Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-823\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-inspection-for-centrifugal-pump-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Inspection for Centrifugal Pump \u2013 Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-879\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-inspection-for-fin-tube-heat-exchanger\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Inspection for Fin Tube Heat Exchanger<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-959\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-inspection-for-material-stamp\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Inspection for Material Stamp<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-929\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-inspection-for-pressure-vessel-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Inspection for Pressure Vessel \/ Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-874\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-inspection-for-storage-tank\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Inspection for Storage Tank<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-869\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-inspection-for-water-tube-boiler-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Inspection for Water Tube Boiler \u2013 Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-961\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-quality-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Quality Inspection<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-968\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/3rd-party-shop-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">3rd Party Shop Inspection<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-1529\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/welding-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Welding Inspection<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-843\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/cold-thermal-insulation-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Cold Thermal Insulation Specification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-844\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/hot-thermal-insulation-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Hot Thermal Insulation Specification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-868\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/welding-inspection-procedure-checklist\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Welding Inspection Procedure \/ Checklist<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-859\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-annealing-heat-treatment\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Annealing Heat Treatment?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-849\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-arithmetic-average-roughness-height\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Arithmetic Average Roughness Height?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-925\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-destructive-testing\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Destructive Testing?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-922\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-essential-variable-in-welding-procedure-specification-wps\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Essential Variable in Welding Procedure Specification (WPS)?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-924\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-ferrous-materials\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Ferrous Materials?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-915\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-group-number-in-welding\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Group Number in Welding?<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-1'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-908\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-a-number-in-welding-procedure-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the A number in Welding Procedure Specification?<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-916\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-f-number-in-welding-procedure-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the F number in Welding Procedure Specification?<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-918\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/p-number-in-welding\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">P number in Welding<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-857\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-metal-cold-working\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Metal Cold Working?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-852\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-metal-hot-working\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Metal Hot Working?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-926\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-material-test-report-mtr-mill-test-report\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Material Test Report (MTR)\/ Mill Test Report?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-886\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-nonconformity-report-ncr\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Nonconformity Report (NCR)?<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-1'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-904\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/dye-penetrant-inspection-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Dye Penetrant Inspection Procedure<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-2'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-898\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/dry-film-thickness-based-on-sspc-pa-2\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Dry Film Thickness Based on SSPC-PA 2<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-903\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/magnetic-particle-inspection-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Magnetic Particle Inspection Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-872\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/positive-material-identification-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Positive Material Identification Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-905\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/radiographic-testing-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Radiographic Testing Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-902\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/ultrasonic-testing-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Ultrasonic Testing Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-906\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-nondestructive-testing-map\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Nondestructive Testing Map?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-920\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-nonessential-variable-in-welding-procedure-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Nonessential Variable in Welding Procedure Specification?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-851\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-non-ferrous-materials\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Non-ferrous Materials?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-850\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-normalizing-heat-treatment\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Normalizing Heat Treatment?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-884\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-plate-lamination-defect\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Plate Lamination Defect?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-858\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-stainless-steel-cladding\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Stainless Steel Cladding?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-919\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-supplementary-essential-variable-in-welding-procedure-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Supplementary Essential Variable in Welding Procedure Specification?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-856\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-weld-destructive-testing\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Weld Destructive Testing?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-907\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-welding-map\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Welding Map?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-917\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-welding-performance-qualification-wpq\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Welding Performance Qualification (WPQ)?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-921\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-welding-procedure-qualification-record-pqr\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Welding Procedure Qualification Record (PQR)?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-923\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-welding-procedure-specification-wps\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Welding Procedure Specification (WPS)?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-1535\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/other\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Other<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-875\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/above-ground-storage-tank-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Above Ground Storage Tank Inspection<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-835\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/api-source-inspector-exam-preparatory-training-course\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">API Source Inspector Exam \/ Preparatory Training Course<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-934\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/bs-std-packing-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">BS STD Packing Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-870\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/boiler-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Boiler Inspection<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-895\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/chloride-testing-bresle-bresle-patch-method\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Chloride Testing \/ Bresle Bresle Patch Method<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-897\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/coating-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Coating Inspection<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-935\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/construction-contractor-quality-control-plan\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Construction Contractor Quality Control Plan<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-932\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/container-shipping-seals\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Container Shipping Seals<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-952\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/corrective-action-plan-template\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Corrective Action Plan Template<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-948\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/establishment-inspection-report\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Establishment Inspection Report<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-864\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/factory-acceptance-test-fat-test\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Factory Acceptance Test (FAT Test)<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-878\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/fin-tube-heat-exchanger-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Fin Tube Heat Exchanger Inspection<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-946\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/finished-goods-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Finished Goods Inspection<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-881\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/heat-exchanger-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Heat Exchanger Inspection<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-860\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/material-inspection-receiving-report\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Material Inspection Receiving Report<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-899\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children hfe-has-submenu 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href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tWhat is the Arithmetic Average Roughness Height?  \n\t\t\t<\/h1 > \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93f5cf8 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"93f5cf8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3d280451 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3d280451\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4abc8728\" data-id=\"4abc8728\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35a10cfe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"35a10cfe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p>Arithmetic Average Roughness Height refers to the surface smoothness.&nbsp;The surfaces are not smooth. Every material possesses its surface roughness. Sometimes surfaces are finished deliberately to have high or low surface roughness.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The most commonly used parameter for measurement and interpretation of surface roughness is Arithmetic Average Roughness Height (AARH). AARH is the average height of irregularities, on the surface under observation, from the mean line as shown in the following figure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.inspection-for-industry.com\/images\/xArithmetic_Average_Roughness_Height.jpg.pagespeed.ic.pJX0iyC5AQ.webp\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The symbol Y1 to Y8 represents the peak heights which are measured from the mean line. Arithmetic Average Roughness Height is usually measured in micro-inches and denoted by symbol \u201cRa\u201d. There are various standards for the roughness of surfaces, set according to their mode of application.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The equipment used for measurement of surface roughness is profilometer. There are two types of profilometers in use, contact type, and non-contact type.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In contact type profilometer the roughness is measured by moving the material under profilometer stylus. However, newer equipment implies various other non-contact profilometry options such as optical and ultrasonic techniques.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Arithmetic Average Roughness Height in Flange<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and American National Institute (ANSI) defined specific roughness standards for the flanges. The surface finishes produce desired roughness at the face of a flange which ensures that it is compatible with the gasket and provides high-quality sealing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ASME B16.5 standard is specific to flanges and flanged fittings. The standard contains requirements and recommendations related to flange bolting, flange gasket, and flange joints.&nbsp;<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>AMSE Standards for Surface Roughness in Flange<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The surface finish as the flange face plays a key role in gasket\u2019s reliability and service life. According to ASME standards the serrated, serrated spiral and concentric flange face finish should have an average roughness of 125 \u00b5inch to 250 \u00b5inch (3.2 \u00b5m to 6.3 \u00b5m).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The cutting tool used for imprinting the required roughness should have a radius of 0.06 inch (1.5mm) or larger. The groove density on the flange face should be from 45 grooves\/ inch to 55 grooves\/ inch (1.8 grooves\/ mm. to 2.2 grooves\/ mm.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These are the standards for semi-metallic and nonmetallic gaskets. If average roughness of flange face is not according to the described standards, there will be no essential friction between the contacted surfaces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It makes the gaskets susceptible to creep and tear after some time working under pressure. This will result in loss of bolt joint tightness and a possible leakage. The soft nonmetallic materials such as Poly-Tetra-Flouro-Ethylene (PTFE) plastics can be used for more comfortable facing and better creep resistance.&nbsp;<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Permissible Imperfection Level in Roughness Standards<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The sealing performance of gasket fitted between flanges depends on surface roughness (Arithmetic Average Roughness Height), the size of flange and pressure of bolting. According to ASME standards, the adjacent imperfections should be separated by a distance of at least 4 times the maximum radial projection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The radial projection can be evaluated by subtracting inner radius from the outer radius. The serrations should be on the same level, and the protrusion above them is not permitted. It can cause the adjacent serrations to loose hold of the gasket material and may result in creep and potential leakage.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Classification of Flange Surface Roughness Based on their Finishes&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The standard finishes for required level of average roughness height on the flange face are described below.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Stock Finish<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>This finish is used for general purpose flanging and is suitable for most of the ordinary service conditions. The pressure embeds the soft face of the gasket into the finish and results in the formation of a seal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The pressed contacted surface generates the high level of friction. The resultant \u201cRa\u201d value for the surface ranges from 125\u00b5inch to 500 \u00b5inch (125 \u00b5m to 12.5 \u00b5m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Spiral Serrated finish<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The spiral serrated finish resembles with the stock finish and is photographic spiral groove type. However, it is different from the stock finish because the angle of generation of Grove is \u201cV\u201d shaped kept at 45\u00b0 angle. They also produce roughness of 125 to 250 \u00b5inch.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Smooth Finish<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In this type of finish, the surface is smooth, and there are no apparent signs of grooves or tool marking. The smooth surface is generated by treating the stock surface with 0.8 mm (0.031 inch) round-nosed tool to make spiral groove of average depth 0.05mm (0.00197 inch).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The AARH value for these gaskets ranges between Ra 125 \u00b5inch to 250 \u00b5inch (3.2 \u00b5m to 6.3 \u00b5m).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Coldwater Finish<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The cold water finishes appear shiny to the naked eye and are very smooth. The AARH value for these flange surfaces is 85 \u00b5inch to 100 \u00b5inch. They are used with metal to metal contact. No gasket is used between the flanges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The average arithmetic roughness height values are very important during the selection of flanges and gasket materials. Higher the \u201cRa\u201d values depicts a more rough surface, while lower values represent smoother surface.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Return to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.wordpress.com\/industrial-inspection\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Industrial Inspection<\/a><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Arithmetic Average Roughness Height refers to the surface smoothness.&nbsp;The surfaces are not smooth. Every material possesses its surface roughness. Sometimes surfaces are finished deliberately to have high or low surface roughness.&nbsp; The most commonly used parameter for measurement and interpretation of surface roughness is Arithmetic Average Roughness Height (AARH). AARH is the average height of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-686","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/686","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=686"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/686\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1951,"href":"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/686\/revisions\/1951"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=686"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}