{"id":650,"date":"2019-11-06T08:59:28","date_gmt":"2019-11-06T08:59:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-metal-cold-working\/"},"modified":"2020-07-24T11:05:54","modified_gmt":"2020-07-24T03:05:54","slug":"what-is-the-metal-cold-working","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-metal-cold-working\/","title":{"rendered":"What is the Metal Cold Working?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"650\" class=\"elementor elementor-650\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-19b47e4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"19b47e4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column 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elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8933ad2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">Our Articles <\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0411d5a elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"0411d5a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e28592 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1e28592\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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Companies<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-943\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/industrial-commodity-inspection-services\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Industrial Commodity Inspection Services<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-937\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/industrial-quality-control\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Industrial Quality Control<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-861\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/industrial-test-systems\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Industrial Test Systems<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-963\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/industrial-third-party-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Industrial Third Party Inspection<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-1'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-962\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/industrial-third-party-inspection-agency\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Industrial Third Party Inspection Agency<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-966\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/industrial-third-party-inspection-services\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Industrial Third Party Inspection Services<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-970\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/inspection-and-test-plan\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Inspection and Test Plan<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-832\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/inspection-and-test-plan-for-centrifugal-compressor-sample\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Inspection and Test Plan for Centrifugal Compressor \u2013 Sample<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-828\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/inspection-and-test-plan-for-centrifugal-pump-sample\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Inspection and Test Plan for Centrifugal Pump \u2013 Sample<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-880\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/inspection-and-test-plan-for-fin-tube-heat-exchanger-or-air-cooled-heat-exchager-sample\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Inspection and Test Plan for Fin Tube Heat Exchanger or Air-Cooled Heat Exchager \u2013 Sample<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-865\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/inspection-and-test-plan-for-fire-tube-boiler-sample\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Inspection and Test Plan for Fire Tube Boiler \u2013 Sample<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-885\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/inspection-and-test-plan-for-pressure-vessel\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Inspection and Test Plan for Pressure Vessel<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-877\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/inspection-and-test-plan-for-shell-and-tube-heat-exchanger-sample\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Inspection and Test Plan for Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger \u2013 Sample<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-873\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/inspection-and-test-plan-for-storage-tank-sample\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Inspection and Test Plan for Storage Tank \u2013 Sample<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-867\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/inspection-and-test-plan-for-water-tube-boiler-sample\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Inspection and Test Plan for Water Tube Boiler \u2013 Sample<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-939\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/inspection-of-packing\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Inspection of Packing<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-947\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/inspection-scope\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Inspection Scope<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-876\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/piping-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Piping Inspection<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-836\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/piping-and-equipment-cleaning-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Piping and Equipment Cleaning Specification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-846\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/piping-design-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Piping Design Specification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-838\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/piping-fabrication-and-erection-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Piping Fabrication and Erection Specification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-840\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pipe-three-layer-polyethylene-coating-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pipe Three Layer Polyethylene Coating Specification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-842\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/piping-shop-fabrication-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Piping Shop Fabrication Specification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-847\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/piping-hanging-and-support-engineering-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Piping Hanging and Support Engineering Specification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-848\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/piping-stress-analysis-engineering-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Piping Stress Analysis Engineering Specification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-841\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pipeline-wrapping-and-coating-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pipeline Wrapping and Coating Specification<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-1517\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pump-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Pump Inspection<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-829\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pump-casing-hydrostatic-test\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pump Casing Hydrostatic Test<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-830\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pump-casing-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pump Casing Inspection<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-839\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pump-guides-and-reviews\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pump Guides and Reviews<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-827\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pump-impeller-dynamic-balancing\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pump Impeller Dynamic Balancing<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-826\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pump-mechanical-run-test\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pump Mechanical Run Test<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-825\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pump-net-positive-suction-head-test-npsh-test\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pump Net Positive Suction Head Test (NPSH Test)<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-824\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pump-vibration-testing\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pump Vibration Testing<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-863\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/centrifugal-pump-performance-test\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Centrifugal Pump Performance Test<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-954\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/quality-control-plan\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Quality Control Plan<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-933\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/quality-control-in-packaging\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Quality Control in Packaging<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-1'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-940\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/seaworthy-packing-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Seaworthy Packing Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-936\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/quality-control-manual-for-contractors\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Quality Control Manual for Contractors<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-951\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/quality-control-forms\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Quality Control Forms<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-938\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/vessel-pressure-testing\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Vessel Pressure Testing<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-871\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pressure-safety-valve-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pressure Safety Valve Inspection<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-912\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pressure-vessel-certification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pressure Vessel Certification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-913\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pressure-vessel-definition\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pressure Vessel Definition<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-927\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pressure-vessel-dimension-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pressure Vessel Dimension Inspection<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-909\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pressure-vessel-heads\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pressure Vessel Heads<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-930\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pressure-vessel-inspections\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pressure Vessel Inspections<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-928\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pressure-vessel-plate\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pressure Vessel Plate<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-911\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pressure-vessel-rt-test\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pressure Vessel RT Test<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-837\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/engineering-specification-for-pressure-test-of-piping-system\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Engineering Specification for Pressure Test of Piping System<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-883\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pwht-requirements-in-pressure-vessel-inspections\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">PWHT Requirements in Pressure Vessel Inspections<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-892\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/surface-dust-test-on-blast-cleaned-surface\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Surface Dust Test on Blast-Cleaned Surface<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-893\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/surface-profile-measurement-by-replica-tape-2\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Surface Profile Measurement by Replica Tape<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-1524\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Third Party Inspection<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-967\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-independent-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Independent Inspection<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-960\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-inspection-expediting\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Inspection Expediting<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-834\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-inspection-for-centrifugal-compressor-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Inspection for Centrifugal Compressor \u2013 Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-866\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-inspection-for-fire-tube-boiler-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Inspection for Fire Tube Boiler \u2013 Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-823\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-inspection-for-centrifugal-pump-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Inspection for Centrifugal Pump \u2013 Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-879\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-inspection-for-fin-tube-heat-exchanger\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Inspection for Fin Tube Heat Exchanger<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-959\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-inspection-for-material-stamp\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Inspection for Material Stamp<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-929\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-inspection-for-pressure-vessel-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Inspection for Pressure Vessel \/ Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-874\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-inspection-for-storage-tank\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Inspection for Storage Tank<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-869\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-inspection-for-water-tube-boiler-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Inspection for Water Tube Boiler \u2013 Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-961\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-quality-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Quality Inspection<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-968\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/3rd-party-shop-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">3rd Party Shop Inspection<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-1529\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/welding-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Welding Inspection<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-843\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/cold-thermal-insulation-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Cold Thermal Insulation Specification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-844\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/hot-thermal-insulation-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Hot Thermal Insulation Specification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-868\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/welding-inspection-procedure-checklist\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Welding Inspection Procedure \/ Checklist<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-859\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-annealing-heat-treatment\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Annealing Heat Treatment?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-849\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-arithmetic-average-roughness-height\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Arithmetic Average Roughness Height?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-925\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-destructive-testing\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Destructive Testing?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-922\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-essential-variable-in-welding-procedure-specification-wps\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Essential Variable in Welding Procedure Specification (WPS)?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-924\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-ferrous-materials\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Ferrous Materials?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-915\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-group-number-in-welding\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Group Number in Welding?<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-1'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-908\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-a-number-in-welding-procedure-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the A number in Welding Procedure Specification?<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-916\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-f-number-in-welding-procedure-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the F number in Welding Procedure Specification?<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-918\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/p-number-in-welding\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">P number in Welding<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-857\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-metal-cold-working\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Metal Cold Working?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-852\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-metal-hot-working\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Metal Hot Working?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-926\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-material-test-report-mtr-mill-test-report\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Material Test Report (MTR)\/ Mill Test Report?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-886\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-nonconformity-report-ncr\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Nonconformity Report (NCR)?<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-1'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-904\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/dye-penetrant-inspection-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Dye Penetrant Inspection Procedure<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-2'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-898\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/dry-film-thickness-based-on-sspc-pa-2\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Dry Film Thickness Based on SSPC-PA 2<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-903\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/magnetic-particle-inspection-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Magnetic Particle Inspection Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-872\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/positive-material-identification-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Positive Material Identification Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-905\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/radiographic-testing-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Radiographic Testing Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-902\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/ultrasonic-testing-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Ultrasonic Testing Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-906\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-nondestructive-testing-map\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Nondestructive Testing Map?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-920\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-nonessential-variable-in-welding-procedure-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Nonessential Variable in Welding Procedure Specification?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-851\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-non-ferrous-materials\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Non-ferrous Materials?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-850\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-normalizing-heat-treatment\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Normalizing Heat Treatment?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-884\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-plate-lamination-defect\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Plate Lamination Defect?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-858\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-stainless-steel-cladding\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Stainless Steel Cladding?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-919\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-supplementary-essential-variable-in-welding-procedure-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Supplementary Essential Variable in Welding Procedure Specification?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-856\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-weld-destructive-testing\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Weld Destructive Testing?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-907\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-welding-map\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Welding Map?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-917\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-welding-performance-qualification-wpq\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Welding Performance Qualification (WPQ)?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-921\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-welding-procedure-qualification-record-pqr\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Welding Procedure Qualification Record (PQR)?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-923\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-welding-procedure-specification-wps\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Welding Procedure Specification (WPS)?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-1535\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/other\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Other<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-875\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/above-ground-storage-tank-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Above Ground Storage Tank Inspection<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-835\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/api-source-inspector-exam-preparatory-training-course\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">API Source Inspector Exam \/ Preparatory Training Course<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-934\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/bs-std-packing-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">BS STD Packing Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-870\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/boiler-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Boiler Inspection<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-895\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/chloride-testing-bresle-bresle-patch-method\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Chloride Testing \/ Bresle Bresle Patch Method<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-897\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/coating-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Coating Inspection<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-935\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/construction-contractor-quality-control-plan\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Construction Contractor Quality Control Plan<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-932\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/container-shipping-seals\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Container Shipping Seals<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-952\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/corrective-action-plan-template\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Corrective Action Plan Template<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-948\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/establishment-inspection-report\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Establishment Inspection Report<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-864\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/factory-acceptance-test-fat-test\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Factory Acceptance Test (FAT Test)<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-878\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/fin-tube-heat-exchanger-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Fin Tube Heat Exchanger Inspection<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-946\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/finished-goods-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Finished Goods Inspection<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-881\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/heat-exchanger-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Heat Exchanger Inspection<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-860\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/material-inspection-receiving-report\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Material Inspection Receiving Report<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-899\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children hfe-has-submenu 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href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tWhat is the Metal Cold Working?  \n\t\t\t<\/h1 > \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93f5cf8 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"93f5cf8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-13069d12 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"13069d12\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-27052fab\" data-id=\"27052fab\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-318d8361 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"318d8361\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p>Metal cold working is the process in which it is formed into desired shapes at room temperature. The metal is subjected to high pressures or impacts which increase its hardness and tensile strengths. Cold working of metals can be done by various methods including cold rolling, pressing, drawing and deep drawing, etc.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The process produces potential dislocations within the metal structure. This makes the metal stiffer. It is less ductile and less malleable, and once cold working is done, the metal is difficult to change its shape. The metal is said to become work hardened after cold working. To make it malleable and ductile again, the metal can be subjected to the annealing process.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Sheet Metal Cold Working<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>According to ASM Handbook of material selection and design thick plates, sheets and strips down to 1.6 mm (0.060 inch) can be prepared by hot rolling while cold rolling is capable of forming thinnest of all metal sheets steps from few micrometers to a fraction of the thousandth of an inch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sheet metal cold working can be used to produce controlled surface finish. The process consists of a set of two or more rollers spaced closed together, and the sheet or strip of metal is passed through them. The force exerted by rollers on the sheet reduces its thickness and increase the strength of the sheet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>During the cold rolling process, the rollers bow marginally which result in the sheets being a little thicker near the middle. The sheet metal tolerances are given in ASTM A568\/A568M. For example for a 10 gauge sheet of steel, nominal diameter is 3.4163 mm (0.1345in), maximum diameter tolerance at the center is 3.568 mm (0.1405 in) and minimum at corners is 3.2639 mm (0.1285 in).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sheet metal forming is typically done for carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, and alloys of copper and aluminum.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another method of producing sheet metal by metal cold working includes shearing and forming operation on the sheet carried out in a die and press system. The presses consist of beds of various sizes from 50cm x 30cm to 210cm x 140cm (20 in. x 12 in. to 82 in x 55 in.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The pressing force ranges from 200 to 4500 kN (45-1000lbf). The speed of strokes varies from 100 strokes per minute to 15 strokes per minute for bigger sizes. The dies consist of four parts:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Basic die set<\/li><li>Punch<\/li><li>Die plate<\/li><li>Stripper plate<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The die set is used to hold the punch, which shears the metal. The punch acts on the die plate, and stripper plate removes any scrap at the end of the cold working process. Other sheet metal cold working processes includes bending, curling, deep drawing, de-cambering, expanding, punching, rolling, spinning, stamping and wheeling, etc. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sheet metal has many uses. Steel sheets are utilized in the manufacturing of automobiles, industrial equipment and for domestic purposes. Aluminum metal sheet is used in commercial aircraft manufacturing.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The metal cold working is selected for formability by following criteria:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Resists surface damage and retain smooth surface.<\/li><li>Achieve high strain levels without fracture and necking.<\/li><li>Can withstand in-plane compressive and shear stresses without wrinkling and fracturing.<\/li><li>Able to distribute the strains in the sheet uniformly.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>For sheet metal working, the starting material is a flat rolled product such as hot\/cold rolled sheet or a hot-rolled plate. Sheet metal is available normally in 15 standard gauges; the thickness ranges from 0.38 to 5.08mm.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are several advantages of cold working apart from effect on ductility of metal such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Superior mechanical properties such as strength and hardness due to strain hardening.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Better surface finish of the product.&nbsp;<\/li><li>High dimensional accuracy.<\/li><li>Surface hardening heat treatment is not necessary if strain hardening is done on components such as cold rolled gears etc.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>There are some disadvantages such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The cold working machines require higher maintenance.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Strain hardening makes the material less ductile.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Cold working Effect on Ductility<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ductility of an object is defined as the ability to undergo sizeable plastic deformation without any fracture. According to ASTM A370, ductility is measured in percent permanent elongation after fracture in a 2in. Gauge length.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Conventionally this value is limited to 20-25% for cold rolling. During the cold working of metal, it is deformed plastically. The metal gets harder, the more it is deformed within its plastic region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The process is also known as work hardening or strain hardening. Strain hardening is the vital part of the manufacturing process of stronger and rigid parts to be subjected to heavy loads. The strain hardening reduces the ductility and formability of metal.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Return to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.wordpress.com\/industrial-inspection\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Industrial Inspection<\/a><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Metal cold working is the process in which it is formed into desired shapes at room temperature. The metal is subjected to high pressures or impacts which increase its hardness and tensile strengths. Cold working of metals can be done by various methods including cold rolling, pressing, drawing and deep drawing, etc.&nbsp; The process produces [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-650","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/650","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=650"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/650\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1961,"href":"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/650\/revisions\/1961"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=650"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}