{"id":643,"date":"2019-11-06T08:53:34","date_gmt":"2019-11-06T08:53:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-stainless-steel-cladding\/"},"modified":"2020-07-24T11:13:48","modified_gmt":"2020-07-24T03:13:48","slug":"what-is-the-stainless-steel-cladding","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-stainless-steel-cladding\/","title":{"rendered":"What is the Stainless Steel Cladding?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"643\" class=\"elementor elementor-643\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4ae6083 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4ae6083\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column 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elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-742a3a4\" data-id=\"742a3a4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-43b26a8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"43b26a8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5dd5a6d\" data-id=\"5dd5a6d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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Companies<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-943\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/industrial-commodity-inspection-services\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Industrial Commodity Inspection Services<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-937\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/industrial-quality-control\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Industrial Quality Control<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-861\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/industrial-test-systems\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Industrial Test Systems<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-963\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/industrial-third-party-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Industrial Third Party Inspection<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-1'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-962\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/industrial-third-party-inspection-agency\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Industrial Third Party Inspection Agency<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-966\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/industrial-third-party-inspection-services\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Industrial Third Party Inspection Services<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-970\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/inspection-and-test-plan\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Inspection and Test Plan<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-832\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/inspection-and-test-plan-for-centrifugal-compressor-sample\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Inspection and Test Plan for Centrifugal Compressor \u2013 Sample<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-828\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/inspection-and-test-plan-for-centrifugal-pump-sample\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Inspection and Test Plan for Centrifugal Pump \u2013 Sample<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-880\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/inspection-and-test-plan-for-fin-tube-heat-exchanger-or-air-cooled-heat-exchager-sample\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Inspection and Test Plan for Fin Tube Heat Exchanger or Air-Cooled Heat Exchager \u2013 Sample<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-865\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/inspection-and-test-plan-for-fire-tube-boiler-sample\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Inspection and Test Plan for Fire Tube Boiler \u2013 Sample<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-885\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/inspection-and-test-plan-for-pressure-vessel\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Inspection and Test Plan for Pressure Vessel<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-877\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/inspection-and-test-plan-for-shell-and-tube-heat-exchanger-sample\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Inspection and Test Plan for Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger \u2013 Sample<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-873\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/inspection-and-test-plan-for-storage-tank-sample\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Inspection and Test Plan for Storage Tank \u2013 Sample<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-867\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/inspection-and-test-plan-for-water-tube-boiler-sample\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Inspection and Test Plan for Water Tube Boiler \u2013 Sample<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-939\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/inspection-of-packing\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Inspection of Packing<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-947\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/inspection-scope\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Inspection Scope<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-876\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/piping-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Piping Inspection<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-836\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/piping-and-equipment-cleaning-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Piping and Equipment Cleaning Specification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-846\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/piping-design-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Piping Design Specification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-838\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/piping-fabrication-and-erection-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Piping Fabrication and Erection Specification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-840\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pipe-three-layer-polyethylene-coating-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pipe Three Layer Polyethylene Coating Specification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-842\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/piping-shop-fabrication-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Piping Shop Fabrication Specification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-847\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/piping-hanging-and-support-engineering-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Piping Hanging and Support Engineering Specification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-848\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/piping-stress-analysis-engineering-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Piping Stress Analysis Engineering Specification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-841\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pipeline-wrapping-and-coating-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pipeline Wrapping and Coating Specification<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-1517\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pump-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Pump Inspection<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-829\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pump-casing-hydrostatic-test\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pump Casing Hydrostatic Test<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-830\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pump-casing-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pump Casing Inspection<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-839\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pump-guides-and-reviews\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pump Guides and Reviews<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-827\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pump-impeller-dynamic-balancing\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pump Impeller Dynamic Balancing<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-826\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pump-mechanical-run-test\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pump Mechanical Run Test<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-825\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pump-net-positive-suction-head-test-npsh-test\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pump Net Positive Suction Head Test (NPSH Test)<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-824\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pump-vibration-testing\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pump Vibration Testing<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-863\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/centrifugal-pump-performance-test\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Centrifugal Pump Performance Test<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-954\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/quality-control-plan\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Quality Control Plan<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-933\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/quality-control-in-packaging\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Quality Control in Packaging<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-1'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-940\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/seaworthy-packing-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Seaworthy Packing Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-936\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/quality-control-manual-for-contractors\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Quality Control Manual for Contractors<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-951\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/quality-control-forms\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Quality Control Forms<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-938\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/vessel-pressure-testing\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Vessel Pressure Testing<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-871\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pressure-safety-valve-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pressure Safety Valve Inspection<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-912\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pressure-vessel-certification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pressure Vessel Certification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-913\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pressure-vessel-definition\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pressure Vessel Definition<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-927\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pressure-vessel-dimension-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pressure Vessel Dimension Inspection<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-909\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pressure-vessel-heads\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pressure Vessel Heads<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-930\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pressure-vessel-inspections\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pressure Vessel Inspections<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-928\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pressure-vessel-plate\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pressure Vessel Plate<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-911\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pressure-vessel-rt-test\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Pressure Vessel RT Test<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-837\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/engineering-specification-for-pressure-test-of-piping-system\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Engineering Specification for Pressure Test of Piping System<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-883\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/pwht-requirements-in-pressure-vessel-inspections\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">PWHT Requirements in Pressure Vessel Inspections<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-892\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/surface-dust-test-on-blast-cleaned-surface\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Surface Dust Test on Blast-Cleaned Surface<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-893\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/surface-profile-measurement-by-replica-tape-2\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Surface Profile Measurement by Replica Tape<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-1524\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Third Party Inspection<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-967\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-independent-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Independent Inspection<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-960\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-inspection-expediting\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Inspection Expediting<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-834\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-inspection-for-centrifugal-compressor-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Inspection for Centrifugal Compressor \u2013 Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-866\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-inspection-for-fire-tube-boiler-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Inspection for Fire Tube Boiler \u2013 Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-823\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-inspection-for-centrifugal-pump-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Inspection for Centrifugal Pump \u2013 Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-879\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-inspection-for-fin-tube-heat-exchanger\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Inspection for Fin Tube Heat Exchanger<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-959\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-inspection-for-material-stamp\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Inspection for Material Stamp<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-929\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-inspection-for-pressure-vessel-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Inspection for Pressure Vessel \/ Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-874\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-inspection-for-storage-tank\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Inspection for Storage Tank<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-869\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-inspection-for-water-tube-boiler-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Inspection for Water Tube Boiler \u2013 Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-961\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/third-party-quality-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Third Party Quality Inspection<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-968\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/3rd-party-shop-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">3rd Party Shop Inspection<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-1529\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/welding-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Welding Inspection<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-843\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/cold-thermal-insulation-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Cold Thermal Insulation Specification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-844\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/hot-thermal-insulation-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Hot Thermal Insulation Specification<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-868\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/welding-inspection-procedure-checklist\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Welding Inspection Procedure \/ Checklist<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-859\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-annealing-heat-treatment\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Annealing Heat Treatment?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-849\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-arithmetic-average-roughness-height\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Arithmetic Average Roughness Height?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-925\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-destructive-testing\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Destructive Testing?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-922\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-essential-variable-in-welding-procedure-specification-wps\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Essential Variable in Welding Procedure Specification (WPS)?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-924\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-ferrous-materials\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Ferrous Materials?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-915\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-group-number-in-welding\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Group Number in Welding?<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-1'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-908\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-a-number-in-welding-procedure-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the A number in Welding Procedure Specification?<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-916\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-f-number-in-welding-procedure-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the F number in Welding Procedure Specification?<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-918\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/p-number-in-welding\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">P number in Welding<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-857\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-metal-cold-working\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Metal Cold Working?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-852\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-metal-hot-working\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Metal Hot Working?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-926\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-material-test-report-mtr-mill-test-report\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Material Test Report (MTR)\/ Mill Test Report?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-886\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-nonconformity-report-ncr\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Nonconformity Report (NCR)?<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-1'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-904\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/dye-penetrant-inspection-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Dye Penetrant Inspection Procedure<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-2'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-898\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/dry-film-thickness-based-on-sspc-pa-2\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Dry Film Thickness Based on SSPC-PA 2<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-903\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/magnetic-particle-inspection-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Magnetic Particle Inspection Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-872\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/positive-material-identification-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Positive Material Identification Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-905\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/radiographic-testing-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Radiographic Testing Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-902\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/ultrasonic-testing-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Ultrasonic Testing Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-906\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-nondestructive-testing-map\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Nondestructive Testing Map?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-920\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-nonessential-variable-in-welding-procedure-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Nonessential Variable in Welding Procedure Specification?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-851\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-non-ferrous-materials\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Non-ferrous Materials?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-850\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-normalizing-heat-treatment\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Normalizing Heat Treatment?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-884\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-plate-lamination-defect\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Plate Lamination Defect?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-858\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-stainless-steel-cladding\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Stainless Steel Cladding?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-919\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-supplementary-essential-variable-in-welding-procedure-specification\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Supplementary Essential Variable in Welding Procedure Specification?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-856\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-weld-destructive-testing\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Weld Destructive Testing?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-907\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-welding-map\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Welding Map?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-917\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-welding-performance-qualification-wpq\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Welding Performance Qualification (WPQ)?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-921\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-welding-procedure-qualification-record-pqr\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Welding Procedure Qualification Record (PQR)?<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-923\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/what-is-the-welding-procedure-specification-wps\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">What is the Welding Procedure Specification (WPS)?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-1535\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children parent hfe-has-submenu hfe-creative-menu\"><div class=\"hfe-has-submenu-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/other\/\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Other<span class='hfe-menu-toggle sub-arrow hfe-menu-child-0'><i class='fa'><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-875\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/above-ground-storage-tank-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Above Ground Storage Tank Inspection<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-835\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/api-source-inspector-exam-preparatory-training-course\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">API Source Inspector Exam \/ Preparatory Training Course<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-934\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/bs-std-packing-procedure\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">BS STD Packing Procedure<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-870\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/boiler-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Boiler Inspection<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-895\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/chloride-testing-bresle-bresle-patch-method\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Chloride Testing \/ Bresle Bresle Patch Method<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-897\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/coating-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Coating Inspection<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-935\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/construction-contractor-quality-control-plan\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Construction Contractor Quality Control Plan<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-932\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/container-shipping-seals\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Container Shipping Seals<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-952\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/corrective-action-plan-template\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Corrective Action Plan Template<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-948\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/establishment-inspection-report\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Establishment Inspection Report<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-864\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/factory-acceptance-test-fat-test\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Factory Acceptance Test (FAT Test)<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-878\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/fin-tube-heat-exchanger-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Fin Tube Heat Exchanger Inspection<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-946\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/finished-goods-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Finished Goods Inspection<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-881\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/heat-exchanger-inspection\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Heat Exchanger Inspection<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-860\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/material-inspection-receiving-report\/\" class = \"hfe-sub-menu-item\">Material Inspection Receiving Report<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-899\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children hfe-has-submenu 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href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tWhat is the Stainless Steel Cladding?  \n\t\t\t<\/h1 > \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93f5cf8 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"93f5cf8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-151a3d84 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"151a3d84\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-15b52a0e\" data-id=\"15b52a0e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2251c4d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2251c4d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p>This article provides information about stainless steel cladding over carbon steel material in corrosive services. The industrial steels are more prone to corrosion. Carbon steel, in most of the cases, is not a good choice for working with corrosive fluids, high temperatures, and internal pressures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Use of stainless steel for fabricating large structures is costly and economically not viable. Stainless steel cladding provides a solution to this problem. The practice is to use carbon steel for manufacturing the equipment or appliances and clad it with a thin layer (3mm) of Stainless steel. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The cladding is the technique in which two dissimilar metals are bonded together by pressing, extruding two metals through a die or rolling sheets under high pressure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The stainless steel cladding is very durable and resistant to environmental effects. The stainless steel contains a good proportion of chromium (minimum 10%) which reacts with oxygen to form a passive layer of chromium oxide (Cr2O3) which is non-porous and restricts further corrosion. Stainless steel cladding can be used on carbon steels and low alloy steels.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Carbon Steel Material with Stainless Steel Cladding<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Carbon steel plate, bonded with the stainless steel plate on one or both sides produces a clad steel plate composite. The bonding of stainless steel with carbon steel provides not only an adequate strength but also the corrosion resistance to the metal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The standard method of producing clad steel is by rolling-press cladding method. A metallurgical bond form between the carbon steel and stainless steel during heating and rolling.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Stainless steel cladding process &amp; Application<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.inspection-for-industry.com\/images\/Stainless_steel_cladding.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>There are various processes available for carbon steel cladding such as hot roll bonding, cold roll bonding, explosive bonding, brazing, weld cladding, weld overlays and centrifugal casting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hot roll bonding is the general process used. In this process the clean plates of carbon steel and stainless steel are placed on each other, (single side cladding), or sandwiched between two stainless steel plates (double side cladding). The composite plates are hot rolled together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Stainless steel cladding process results bonding between the two metals. Another method of manufacturing includes explosive bonding. The bonding is produced by plastic deformation of metals because of intense collision during explosive bonding. Sometimes explosive bonding is followed by the hot rolling process to improve the bond between carbon steel and stainless steel.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Clad carbon steel is used in the variety of applications such as chemical processes, oil refining, offshore oil production, etc. It is also used in power generation units, where there are high temperature and stress corrosion.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Duplex Stainless steel cladding<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Duplex stainless steels are becoming more common due to their higher strength, greater corrosion resistance, and lower price. The principle of duplex steel manufacturing lies in the equal composition of ferrite and austenite in the steel. The equal balance of both results in higher strengths (400 to 550 MPa).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The thickness of the sheet can be reduced maintain the strength, therefore, can be used in the fabrication of vessels, storage tanks, structural units like bridges, hot water tanks, and process plants, etc. The duplex steel is corrosion resistant particularly very effective against stress corrosion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The stainless steel has two essential elements i.e. ferritisers (Chromium, Silicon, Molybdenum, Tungsten, Titanium Niobium) and austenitisers (Copper, Manganese, Nickel, Carbon, Nitrogen) The grade 304 steel is austenitic due to the presence of 8% nickel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Similarly, grade 430 is ferritic in structure due to the dominance of ferritisers. The equal composition of both austenitisers and ferritiserrs results in duplex structure.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Application of duplex steel for manufacturing of large structures and equipment may not be very cost effective. It is therefore recommended to use Carbon steel as a base material for fabrication and apply duplex steel cladding which will be more cost effective.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In some other cases such as pressure vessels containing chlorine more than 45ppm concentration will affect the 304 and 316 grade steel, while duplex steel cladding shows much better resistance to stress corrosion cracking. Similarly for strongly oxidizing acids (Nitric acid) duplex steel cladding of LDX 2102 &amp; 2304 is very effective.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The corrosion resistance of duplex steel can be measured in Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number (PERN). Higher the PERN number higher the corrosion resistance of the metal. PERN can be calculates using following formula:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PERN = %Cr + 3.3 x 16 x%N<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The PERN number of duplex steel are comparable with some ferritic and austenitic grades. Such as duplex steel RDN-903 has PERN value of 22, DX2202 has 27, 2205 has 35, and 2507 has 43. The standard austenitic steels such as 304 and 316 are highly susceptible to stress corrosion cracking while duplex steel shows better corrosion resistance. Therefore duplex steels can be used at high temperatures in many of the applications.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Duplex steels are of high strength, has moderate weldability and the wide range of corrosion resistance but there are some limitations. The high strength of duplex steel is a disadvantage when considering the machinability and formability options. The duplex steel is less ductile when compared to austenitic grades.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Stainless Steel Cladding Thickness<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The thickness of the cladding is typically in the range of 1.5 to 5mm. Higher than 5mm cladding is possible. The cladding thickness of less than 1.5 mm is difficult. The cladding thickness of explosive bonding ranges from 1.5 mm to 2.5 cm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The thickness of stainless steel varies from 50 to 50% of total thickness of the composite plate. For most of the purposes, the recommended thickness of stainless steel cladding is 3mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Return to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ptrotek.wordpress.com\/industrial-inspection\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Industrial Inspection<\/a><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This article provides information about stainless steel cladding over carbon steel material in corrosive services. The industrial steels are more prone to corrosion. Carbon steel, in most of the cases, is not a good choice for working with corrosive fluids, high temperatures, and internal pressures. Use of stainless steel for fabricating large structures is costly [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-643","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/643","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=643"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/643\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1979,"href":"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/643\/revisions\/1979"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ptrotek.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=643"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}